Form 20-F
Table of Contents

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM 20-F

 

 

(Mark One)

¨ Registration statement pursuant to Section 12(b) or 12(g) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

or

 

x Annual report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007

or

 

¨ Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

or

 

¨ Shell company report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Commission file number: 001-31518

 

 

TENARIS S.A.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

N/A

(Translation of registrant’s name into English)

 

 

Grand Duchy of Luxembourg

(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

46a, Avenue John F. Kennedy - 2nd floor

L-1855 Luxembourg

(Address of principal executive offices)

Adelia Soares

46a, Avenue John F. Kennedy - 2nd floor

L-1855 Luxembourg

Tel. + (352) 26 68 31 52, Fax. + (352) 26 68 31 53 , e-mail: asoares@tenaris.com

(Name, Telephone, E-Mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)

 

 

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Title of Each Class

 

Name of Each Exchange On Which Registered

American Depositary Shares   New York Stock Exchange
Ordinary Shares, par value $1.00 per share   New York Stock Exchange*

 

* Ordinary shares of Tenaris S.A. are not listed for trading but only in connection with the registration of American Depositary Shares which are evidenced by American Depositary Receipts.

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:

None

 

 

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report.

1,180,536,830 ordinary shares, par value $1.00 per share

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  x    No  ¨

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.    Yes  ¨    No  x

Note—checking the box above will not relieve any registrant required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 from their obligations under those Sections.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x     No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (Check one):

Large accelerated filer  x    Accelerated Filer  ¨    Non-accelerated filer  ¨

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

 

U.S. GAAP  ¨     

International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International

Accounting Standards Board  x

   Other  ¨     

If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow:    Item 17  ¨    Item 18  ¨

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No  x

Please send copies of notices and communications from the Securities and Exchange Commission to:

 

Cristián J. P. Mitrani

Mitrani Caballero Ojam Abogados

Alicia Moreau de Justo 400, 3rd Floor

(C1107AAH) Buenos Aires, Argentina

(54 11) 4590-8600

 

Robert S. Risoleo, Esq.

Sullivan & Cromwell LLP

1701 Pennsylvania Avenue N

Washington, DC 20006

(202) 956-7500

 

 

 


Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

PART I    4

Item 1.

   Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers    4

Item 2.

   Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable    4

Item 3.

   Key Information    4

Item 4.

   Information on the Company    14

Item 4A.

   Unresolved Staff Comments.    37

Item 5.

   Operating and Financial Review and Prospects    37

Item 6.

   Directors, Senior Management and Employees    58

Item 7.

   Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions.    65

Item 8.

   Financial Information    69

Item 9.

   The Offer and Listing    72

Item 10.

   Additional Information    77

Item 11.

   Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk    86

Item 12.

   Description of Securities Other Than Equity Securities    89
PART II    90

Item 13.

   Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies    90

Item 14.

   Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds    90

Item 15.

   Controls and Procedures    90

Item 16.A.

   Audit Committee Financial Expert    91

Item 16.B.

   Code of Ethics    91

Item 16.C.

   Principal Accountant Fees and Services    91
PART III    93

Item 17.

   Financial Statements    93

Item 18.

   Financial Statements    93

Item 19.

   Exhibits    93

 

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CERTAIN DEFINED TERMS

Unless otherwise specified or if the context so requires:

 

 

References in this annual report to “the Company” refer exclusively to Tenaris S.A., a Luxembourg joint stock corporation (société anonyme holding).

 

 

References in this annual report to “Tenaris”, “we”, “us” or “our” refer to Tenaris S.A. and its consolidated subsidiaries. See Accounting Policies A, B and L to our audited consolidated financial statements included in this annual report.

 

 

References in this annual report to “San Faustin” refer to San Faustin N.V., a Netherlands Antilles corporation and the Company’s controlling shareholder.

 

 

“Shares” refers to ordinary shares, par value $1.00 of the Company.

 

 

“ADSs” refers to the American Depositary Shares, which are evidenced by American Depositary Receipts.

 

 

“tons” refers to metric tons; one metric ton is equal to 1,000 kilograms, 2,204.62 pounds, or 1.102 U.S. (short) tons.

 

 

“billion” refers to one thousand million, or 1,000,000,000.

PRESENTATION OF CERTAIN FINANCIAL AND OTHER INFORMATION

Accounting Principles

We prepare our consolidated financial statements in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards, or IFRS, as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board, or IASB. IFRS differ in certain significant respects from generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, commonly referred to as U.S. GAAP.

We publish consolidated financial statements expressed in U.S. dollars. Our consolidated financial statements in this annual report are those for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005.


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Currencies

In this annual report, unless otherwise specified or the context otherwise requires:

 

   

“dollars”, “U.S. dollars”, “US$” or “$” each refers to the United States dollar;

 

   

“€”, “EUR” or “euros” each refers to the Euro, the common currency of the European Union;

 

   

“Argentine pesos” or “ARS” each refers to the Argentine peso;

 

   

“Brazilian real” or “BRL” each refers to the Brazilian real;

 

   

“Canadian dollars” or “CAD” each refers to the Canadian dollar;

 

   

“Mexican pesos” or “MXP” each refers to the Mexican peso;

 

   

“Venezuelan Bolívares” or “VEB”, each refers to the Venezuelan bolívar;

 

   

“Yen”, “Japanese yen” or “JPY” each refers to the Japanese yen; and

 

   

“Romanian Lei” or “RON” each refers to the Romanian new lei.

On December 31, 2007, the exchange rate between, the euro and the U.S. dollar (as published by European Central Bank) was €1.00=$1.4721; the Argentine peso (as published by Banco Central de la República Argentina, or the Argentine Central Bank) was ARS3.1490=$1.00; the noon buying rate for the Brazilian real (as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, or the Federal Reserve) was BRL1.7790=$1.00; the noon buying rate for the Canadian dollar (as published by the Federal Reserve) was CAD0.9881=$1.00; the noon buying rate for the Mexican peso (as published by the Federal Reserve) was MXP10.9169=$1.00; the noon buying rate for the Venezuelan bolívar (as published by the Federal Reserve) was VEB2,144.60=$1.00; the noon buying rate for the Japanese yen (as published by the Federal Reserve) was JPY111.71=$1.00 and the Romanian Lei on December 28, 2007, (as published by the National Bank of Romania ) was RON2.4564 =$1.00. Those rates may differ from the actual rates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. We do not represent that any of these currencies could have been or could be converted into U.S. dollars or that the U.S. dollars could have been or could be converted into any of these currencies.

Rounding; Comparability of Data

Certain monetary amounts, percentages and other figures included in this annual report have been subject to rounding adjustments. Accordingly, figures shown as totals in certain tables may not be the arithmetic aggregation of the figures that precede them, and figures expressed as percentages in the text may not total 100% or, as applicable, when aggregated may not be the arithmetic aggregation of the percentages that precede them.

Our Internet Site is Not Part of this Annual Report

We maintain an Internet site at www.tenaris.com. Information contained in or otherwise accessible through this website is not a part of this annual report. All references in this annual report to this Internet site are inactive textual references to these URLs, or “uniform resource locators” and are for informational reference only. We assume no responsibility for the information contained on this Internet site.

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT CONCERNING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This annual report and any other oral or written statements made by us to the public may contain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of and subject to the “safe harbor” provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. This annual report contains forward-looking statements, including with respect to certain of our plans and current goals and expectations relating to Tenaris’s future financial condition and performance.

 

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Sections of this annual report that by their nature contain forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, Item 3. “Key Information”, Item 4. “Information on the Company”, Item 5. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects”, Item 8. “Financial Information” and Item 11. “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk”.

We use words such as “aim”, “will likely result”, “will continue”, “contemplate”, “seek to”, “future”, “objective”, “goal”, “should”, “will pursue”, “anticipate”, “estimate”, “expect”, “project”, “intend”, “plan”, “believe” and words and terms of similar substance to identify forward-looking statements, but they are not the only way we identify such statements. All forward-looking statements are management’s present expectations of future events and are subject to a number of factors and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements. In addition to the risks related to our business discussed under Item 3. D. “Key Information – Risk Factors”, other factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements. These factors include, but are not limited to:

 

 

our ability to implement our business strategy or to grow through acquisitions, joint ventures and other investments;

 

 

our ability to price our products and services in accordance with our strategy;

 

 

trends in the levels of investment in oil and gas exploration and drilling worldwide;

 

 

general macroeconomic and political conditions in the countries in which we operate or distribute pipes; and

 

 

our ability to absorb cost increases and to secure supplies of essential raw materials and energy.

By their nature, certain disclosures relating to these and other risks are only estimates and could be materially different from what actually occurs in the future. As a result, actual future gains or losses that may affect our financial condition and results of operations could differ materially from those that have been estimated. You should not place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this annual report. Except as required by law, we are not under any obligation, and expressly disclaim any obligation, to update or alter any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

 

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PART I

 

Item 1. Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers

Not applicable.

 

Item 2. Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable

Not applicable.

 

Item 3. Key Information

 

A. Selected Financial Data

The selected consolidated financial data set forth below have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements for each of the years and at the dates indicated herein. Our consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with IFRS, as issued by the IASB, and were audited by Price Waterhouse & Co. S.R.L., of Argentina, a registered public accounting firm and a member firm of PricewaterhouseCoopers. IFRS differ in certain significant respects from U.S. GAAP.

For a discussion of the currencies used in this annual report, exchange rates and accounting principles affecting the financial information contained in this annual report, please see “Presentation of Certain Financial and other Information—Accounting Principles” and “Currencies”.

 

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Thousands of U.S. dollars (except number of shares and per
share amounts)
   For the year ended December 31,  
     2007     2006     2005     2004     2003  

Selected consolidated income statement data(1)

          

IFRS

          

Continuing operations

          

Net sales

   10,042,008     7,727,745     6,209,791     3,718,193     2,846,435  

Cost of sales

   (5,515,767 )   (3,884,226 )   (3,429,365 )   (2,378,474 )   (1,891,308 )
                              

Gross profit

   4,526,241     3,843,519     2,780,426     1,339,719     955,127  

Selling, general and administrative expenses

   (1,573,949 )   (1,054,806 )   (832,315 )   (661,226 )   (558,697 )

Other operating income (expenses), net

   4,933     3,773     (2,199 )   127,165     (117,961 )
                              

Operating income

   2,957,225     2,792,486     1,945,912     805,658     278,469  

Interest income

   93,392     60,798     23,815     14,236     16,424  

Interest expense

   (275,648 )   (92,576 )   (52,629 )   (46,161 )   (32,621 )

Other financial results

   (22,754 )   26,826     (79,772 )   38,304     (11,768 )
                              

Income before equity in earnings of associated companies and income tax

   2,752,215     2,787,534     1,837,326     812,037     250,504  

Equity in earnings of associated companies

   113,276     94,667     117,377     206,141     27,585  
                              

Income before income tax

   2,865,491     2,882,201     1,954,703     1,018,178     278,089  

Income tax

   (823,924 )   (869,977 )   (567,368 )   (217,226 )   (61,251 )
                              

Income for continuing operations (2)

   2,041,567     2,012,224     1,387,335     800,952     216,838  

Discontinued operations

          

Income (loss) for discontinued operations

   34,492     47,180     (3 )   4,029     5,600  
                              

Income for the year (2)

   2,076,059     2,059,404     1,387,332     804,981     222,437  

Income attributable to (2):

          

Equity holders of the Company

   1,923,748     1,945,314     1,277,547     784,703     210,308  

Minority interest

   152,311     114,090     109,785     20,278     12,129  
                              

Income for the year (2)

   2,076,059     2,059,404     1,387,332     804,981     222,437  
                              

Depreciation and amortization

   (514,820 )   (255,004 )   (214,227 )   (208,119 )   (199,799 )

Weighted average number of shares outstanding

   1,180,536,830     1,180,536,830     1,180,536,830     1,180,506,876     1,167,229,751  

Basic and diluted earnings per share for continuing operations

   1.60     1.61     1.08     0.66     0.18  

Basic and diluted earnings per share

   1.63     1.65     1.08     0.66     0.18  

Dividends per share(3)

   0.38     0.30     0.30     0.17     0.11  

 

(1) Certain comparative amounts for 2005, 2004 and 2003 have been re-presented to conform to changes in presentation in 2006 and 2007, mainly due to the sale of a majority ownership in Dalmine Energie. See note 29 “Current and non current assets held for sale and discontinued operations” to our audited consolidated financial statements included in this annual report.
(2) International Accounting Standard No. 1 (“IAS 1”) (revised), requires that income for the year as shown on the income statement not exclude minority interest. Earnings per share, however, continue to be calculated on the basis of income attributable solely to the equity holders of the Company.
(3) Dividends per share correspond to the dividends proposed or paid in respect of the year.

 

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Thousands of U.S. dollars (except number of shares and per
share amounts)
   At December 31,
     2007    2006    2005    2004    2003

Selected consolidated balance sheet data(1)

              

IFRS

              

Current assets

   (2)6,514,043    6,028,832    3,773,284    3,012,092    2,035,895

Property, plant and equipment, net

   3,269,007    2,939,241    2,230,038    2,164,601    1,960,314

Other non-current assets

   5,461,537    3,627,169    702,706    485,595    313,339
                        

Total assets

   15,244,587    12,595,242    6,706,028    5,662,288    4,309,548
                        

Current liabilities

   (2)3,328,066    2,765,504    1,699,101    1,999,846    1,328,677

Non-current borrowings

   2,869,466    2,857,046    678,112    420,751    374,779

Deferred tax liabilities

   1,233,836    991,945    353,395    371,975    418,333

Other non-current liabilities

   283,369    279,117    199,547    208,521    226,495
                        

Total liabilities

   7,714,737    6,893,612    2,930,155    3,001,093    2,348,284

Capital and reserves attributable to the Company’s equity holders

   7,006,277    5,338,619    3,507,802    2,495,924    1,841,280

Minority interest

   523,573    363,011    268,071    165,271    119,984
                        

Total liabilities and equity

   15,244,587    12,595,242    6,706,028    5,662,288    4,309,548
                        

Number of shares outstanding

   1,180,536,830    1,180,536,830    1,180,536,830    1,180,536,830    1,180,287,664

 

(1) Certain comparative amounts for 2005, 2004 and 2003 have been re-presented to conform to changes in presentation in 2006 and 2007.
(2) In 2007 current assets include current and non current assets held for sale ($651.2 million), related to the divestment of Hydril’s pressure control business and current liabilities include liabilities associated with such assets ($267.0 million).

 

B. Capitalization and Indebtedness

Not applicable.

 

C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds

Not applicable.

 

D. Risk Factors

You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below, together with all other information contained in this annual report, before making any investment decision. Any of these risks and uncertainties could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations, which could in turn affect the price of our shares and ADSs.

Risks Relating to our Industry

Sales and revenues may fall as a result of downturns in the international price of oil and other circumstances affecting the oil and gas industry.

We are a global steel pipe manufacturer with a strong focus on manufacturing products and related services for the oil and gas industry. The oil and gas industry is a major consumer of steel pipe products worldwide, particularly for products manufactured under high quality standards and demanding specifications. Demand for steel pipe products from the oil and gas industry has historically been volatile and depends primarily upon the number of oil and natural gas wells being drilled, completed and reworked, and the depth and drilling conditions of these wells. The level of these activities depends primarily on current and expected future prices of oil and natural gas and their impact on investment by oil and gas companies in exploration and production activity. Several factors, such as the supply and demand for oil and natural gas, and political and global economic conditions, affect these prices. When the price of oil and gas falls, oil and gas companies generally reduce spending on production and exploration activities and, accordingly,

 

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make fewer purchases of steel pipe products. Other circumstances – such as geopolitical events and hostilities in the Middle East and elsewhere – may also affect drilling activity and, as a result, cause steel pipe consumption to decline.

Sales and revenues may fall as a result of fluctuations in industry inventory levels.

Inventory levels of steel pipe in the oil and gas industry can vary significantly from period to period and from region to region. These fluctuations can affect the demand for our products, as customers draw from existing inventory during periods of low investment in drilling and other activities and accumulate inventory during periods of high investment. Even if the prices of oil and gas rise or remain stable, oil and gas companies may not purchase additional steel pipe products or maintain their current purchasing volume.

Competition in the global market for steel pipe products may cause us to lose market share and hurt our sales and profitability.

The global market for steel pipe products is highly competitive, with the primary competitive factors being price, quality, service and technology. We compete in most markets outside North America primarily against a limited number of manufacturers of premium-quality steel pipe products. In the U.S. and Canada, we compete against a wide range of local and foreign producers. Competition in markets worldwide has been increasing, particularly for products used in standard applications, as producers in countries like China and Russia increase production capacity and enter export markets. In addition, some of these producers are improving the range, quality and technology of their pipes, thereby increasing their ability to compete with us. We may not continue to compete effectively against existing or potential producers and preserve our current shares of geographic or product markets.

As a result of antidumping and countervailing duty proceedings and other import restrictions, we may not be allowed to sell our products in important geographic markets such as the United States.

Local producers in the United States and other markets have filed antidumping, countervailing duty and safeguard actions against us and other producers in their home countries in several instances in the past. Some of these actions led to significant penalties, including the imposition of antidumping and countervailing duties, in the United States. Certain of our steel pipe products manufactured outside the United States have been subject to such duties in the United States; many of these have recently been revoked, but these or other restrictions may be imposed again in the future. Antidumping or countervailing duty proceedings or any resulting penalties or any other form of import restriction may impede our access to one or more important export markets for our products and in the future additional markets could be closed to us as a result of similar proceedings, thereby adversely impacting our sales or limiting our opportunities for growth.

Increases in the cost of raw materials and energy may hurt our profitability.

The manufacture of seamless steel pipe products requires substantial amounts of steelmaking raw materials and energy; welded steel pipe products, in turn, are processed from steel coils and plates. The availability and pricing of a significant portion of the raw materials and energy we require are subject to supply and demand conditions, which can be volatile, and to government regulation, which can affect continuity of supply and prices. In recent years, the cost of raw materials used in our business has increased significantly due to increased global demand for steel products in general. In addition, limited availability of energy in Argentina, where we have significant operations and consequent supply restrictions could lead to higher costs of production and eventually to production cutbacks at our facilities there. Moreover, we are dependent on a few suppliers for a significant portion of our requirements for steel coils at our recently acquired welded pipe operations in North America and the loss of any of these suppliers could result in increased production costs, production cutbacks and reduced competitiveness at these operations. We may not be able to recover increased costs of raw materials and energy through increased prices on our products, and limited availability could force us to curtail production, which could adversely affect our sales and profitability.

 

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Potential environmental, product liability and other claims could create significant liabilities for us that would adversely impact our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Our oil and gas casing, tubing and line pipe products are sold primarily for use in oil and gas drilling, gathering, transportation and processing activities, which are subject to inherent risks, including well failures, line pipe leaks, bursts and fires, that could result in death, personal injury, property damage, environmental pollution or loss of production. Any of these hazards and risks can result in environmental liabilities, personal injury claims and property damage from the release of hydrocarbons. Similarly, defects in specialty tubing products could result in death, personal injury, property damage, environmental pollution, damage to equipment and facilities or loss of production.

We normally warrant the oilfield products and specialty tubing products we sell or distribute in accordance with customer specifications, but as we pursue our business strategy of providing customers with additional supply chain services, we may be required to warrant that the goods we sell and services we provide are fit for their intended purpose. Actual or claimed defects in our products may give rise to claims against us for losses suffered by our customers and expose us to claims for damages. The insurance we maintain may not be adequate or available to protect us in the event of a claim or its coverage may be limited, canceled or otherwise terminated.

Similarly, our sales of tubes and components for the automobile industry subject us to potential product liability risks that could extend to being held liable for the costs of the recall of automobiles sold by car manufacturers and their distributors.

Risks Relating to our Business

Adverse economic or political conditions in the countries where we operate or sell our products and services may decrease our sales or disrupt our manufacturing operations, thereby adversely affecting our revenues, profitability and financial condition.

We are exposed to economic and political conditions in the countries where we operate or sell our products and services. The economies of these countries are in different stages of social and economic development. Like other companies with worldwide operations, we are exposed to risks from fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and inflation. We are also affected by governmental policies regarding spending, social instability, regulatory and taxation changes, and other political, economic or social developments of the countries in which we operate.

Significant portions of our operations are located in countries with a history of political volatility or instability, including Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, Romania and Venezuela. As a consequence, our business and operations have been, and could in the future be, affected from time to time to varying degrees by political developments, events, laws and regulations (such as forced divestiture of assets; restrictions on production, imports and exports; interruptions in the supply of essential energy inputs; exchange and/or transfer restrictions; inflation; devaluation; war or other international conflicts; civil unrest and local security concerns that threaten the safe operation of our facilities and operations; direct and indirect price controls; tax increases; changes in the interpretation or application of tax laws and other retroactive tax claims or challenges; expropriation of property; changes in laws, norms and regulations; cancellation of contract rights; delays or denials of governmental approvals; and environmental regulations). Both the likelihood of such occurrences and their overall impact upon us vary greatly from country to country and are not predictable. Realization of these risks could have an adverse impact on the results of operations and financial condition of our subsidiaries located in the affected country.

For example, we have significant manufacturing operations and assets in Argentina. Our business may be materially and adversely affected by economic, political, fiscal and regulatory developments in Argentina, including the following:

 

   

While the Argentine government has taken several actions to control inflation and monitor prices for most relevant goods and services, including price support arrangements, inflation has increased since 2004. In addition, Argentina’s inflation indicators have been subject to changes in calculation and may not be consistent with the past or may not adequately reflect cost increases. Official inflation figures remain disputed by independent economists. Our business and operations in Argentina may be adversely affected by inflation or by the measures that might be adopted by the government to address such inflation.

 

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The economy has been affected by supply constraints as capacity idled during the severe recession in 2002 has been utilized. Capital investment, particularly in infrastructure, has lagged mainly due to economic uncertainties and governmental actions, including price controls and other regulatory measures. Investment in energy and transportation infrastructure has been particularly affected. Our business and operations in Argentina could be adversely affected by rapidly changing economic conditions in Argentina or by the Argentine government’s policy response to such conditions.

 

   

Economic and political instability resulted in a severe recession in 2002, which had a lasting effect on Argentina’s economy. Should inflation continue to increase or supply constraints hinder future growth, the Argentine economy may not continue to grow at current rates and economic instability may return. Our business and operations in Argentina could be adversely affected by rapidly changing economic conditions in Argentina or by the Argentine government’s policy response to such conditions.

 

   

The Argentine government has increased taxes on our operations in Argentina through several methods. If the Argentine government continues to increase the tax burden on our operations, our results of operation and financial condition could be adversely affected.

 

   

Restrictions on the supply of energy to our operations in Argentina could curtail our production and adversely affect our results of operations. If the Argentine government does not take measures that result in the investment in natural gas generation, energy production and transportation capacity required to keep pace with the growth in demand on a timely basis, our production in Argentina could be curtailed, and our sales and revenue could decline.

 

   

The Argentine Central Bank has imposed restrictions on the transfer of funds outside of Argentina and other exchange controls in the past and may do so in the future, which could prevent us from paying dividends or other amounts from cash generated by our Argentine operations. In addition, we are currently required to repatriate U.S. dollars collected in connection with exports from Argentina (including U.S. dollars obtained through advance payment and pre-financing facilities) into Argentina and convert them into Argentine pesos at the market-based floating exchange rate applicable on the date of repatriation. This requirement, and any similar requirement that may be imposed in the future, exposes us to the risk of losses arising from fluctuations in the exchange rate of the Argentine peso. For additional information on current Argentine exchange controls and restrictions see Item 10.D. “Additional Information – Exchange Controls”.

 

   

The Argentine government has imposed export restrictions and/or export taxes on certain activities, mainly in connection with commodities, gas and oil. Even though so far the Argentine government has not imposed any export restrictions concerning our activities, if any such restrictions were to be imposed, our business and operations in Argentina could be adversely affected.

Adverse political and economic developments in the Middle East and Nigeria have had an adverse impact on our sales in those countries in recent years, and may continue to do so.

Similarly, we currently have significant exposure to political and economic developments in Venezuela, including the following:

 

   

We hold approximately 11.46% of the capital stock of Ternium S.A., or Ternium, a company controlled by San Faustin. Ternium holds approximately 59.7% of Venezuelan steel producer Sidor (while Corporación Venezolana de Guayana, or CVG, –a Venezuelan governmental entity– holds approximately 20.4% of Sidor and certain Sidor employees and former employees hold the remaining 19.9% interest). We also have a 70% interest in Tavsa, Tubos de Acero de Venezuela S.A, which owns a seamless steel pipe plant located within the Sidor’s iron and steel manufacturing complex. The plant uses steel bars supplied by Sidor as its principal raw material, and is also dependent on Sidor for the supply of energy and other inputs. Additionally in July 2004, together with Sidor, we acquired an industrial facility (Matesi), in Ciudad Guayana, Venezuela, to produce hot briquetted iron, or HBI. We own 50.2% of Matesi and Sidor owns the remaining 49.8%.

 

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On April 8, 2008, the Venezuelan government announced its intention to take control over Sidor, and on April 29, 2008, the National Assembly of the Republic of Venezuela passed a resolution declaring that the shares of Sidor, together with all of its assets, are of public and social interest. On May 13, 2008, Decree Law 6058 regulating the steel production activity in the Guayana, Venezuela region (the “Decree”) became effective upon its publication on Venezuela’s Official Gazette. The Decree orders that Sidor and its subsidiaries and associated companies be transformed into state-owned enterprises (“empresas del estado”), with Venezuela owning not less than 60% of their share capital. The discussions between Ternium and the Venezuelan government regarding the adequate and fair terms and conditions upon which all or a significant part of Ternium’s interest in Sidor would be transferred to Venezuela are presently under way.

 

   

The Decree provides for the creation of a committee to negotiate over a 60-day period a fair price for the shares to be transferred to Venezuela. In the event the parties fail to reach agreement by the expiration of the 60-day period, as such term may be extended, the Venezuelan Ministry of Basic Industries and Mining shall assume control and exclusive operation of Sidor, and the Executive Branch shall order the expropriation of the shares of the relevant companies. Accordingly, if Ternium fails to reach agreement with the Venezuelan government, its ownership interest in Sidor could be eliminated altogether, potentially without any immediate compensation. In addition, while the Decree does not provide any valuation criteria for the shares to be transferred to Venezuela, it specifies that any expropriation compensation shall not include lost profits (“lucro cesante”) or indirect damages. The nationalization process could adversely affect the value of our investment in Ternium. The impact of the potential governmental actions with respect to Sidor on Ternium’s financial position is not determinable at this time.

 

   

We can give no assurance that the Venezuelan government will not seek in the future the nationalization of our interests in Tavsa or Matesi. Additionally, the nationalization process described above may indirectly affect Tavsa or Matesi if the change in control in Sidor results in failure by Sidor to supply raw materials, energy or other inputs and/or otherwise disrupts their regular operations.

 

   

In addition to the above, if other political or economic measures such as expropriation, nationalization, price controls or renegotiation or nullification of contracts were implemented in connection with our Venezuelan operations or with contracts entered by us with companies incorporated in Venezuela, including Petróleos de Venezuela, or PDVSA, the state-owned oil company, operations and revenues, and consequently our financial results, could be adversely affected. The Venezuelan government frequently intervenes in the Venezuelan economy and occasionally makes significant changes in policy. The Venezuelan government’s actions to control inflation and implement other policies have involved wage and price controls, currency devaluations, capital controls and limits on imports, among other things. Our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected by changes in policy involving tariffs, exchange controls and other matters such as currency devaluation, inflation, interest rates, taxation, industrial laws and regulations and other political or economic developments in or affecting Venezuela.

If we do not successfully implement our business strategy, our ability to grow, our competitive position and our sales and profitability may suffer.

We plan to continue implementing our business strategy of developing higher value products designed to serve and meet the needs of customers operating in demanding environments, developing and offering additional value-added services, which enable us to integrate our production activities with the customer’s supply chain, and continuing to pursue strategic acquisitions opportunities. Any of these components of our overall business strategy could be delayed or abandoned, could cost more than anticipated or may not be successfully implemented. For example, we may fail to develop products that differentiate us from our competitors or fail to find suitable acquisition targets or to consummate those acquisitions under favorable conditions, or we may be unable to successfully integrate acquired businesses into our operations. Even if we successfully implement our business strategy, it may not yield the expected results.

 

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If we are unable to agree with our joint venture partner in Japan regarding the strategic direction of our joint operations, our operations in Japan may be adversely impacted.

In 2000, we entered into a joint venture agreement with a term of 15 years with NKK Corporation, or NKK, to form NKKTubes. In September 2002, NKK and Kawasaki Steel, one of our main competitors, completed a business combination through which they became subsidiaries of JFE Holdings Inc., or JFE. JFE’s continued operation of the former Kawasaki Steel steel pipe business in competition with NKKTubes, or JFE’s potential lack of interest in the continued development of NKKTubes, could place NKKTubes at a disadvantage and adversely impact our operations in Japan.

Future acquisitions and strategic partnerships may not perform in accordance with expectations or may disrupt our operations and hurt our profits.

A key element of our business strategy is to identify and pursue growth-enhancing strategic opportunities. As part of that strategy, we acquired interests in various companies during recent years. For example, in May 2007, we acquired Hydril Corporation, or Hydril, a leading North American producer of premium connections and pressure control products for the oil and gas industry and in October 2006, we acquired Maverick Tube Corporation, or Maverick, a leading North American producer of welded steel pipe products with operations in the U.S., Canada and Colombia. We will continue actively to consider other strategic acquisitions and partnerships from time to time. We must necessarily base any assessment of potential acquisitions and partnerships on assumptions with respect to operations, profitability and other matters that may subsequently prove to be incorrect. Our Maverick and Hydril acquisitions, and other past or future acquisitions, significant investments and alliances may not perform in accordance with our expectations and could adversely affect our operations and profitability. In addition, new demands on our existing organization and personnel resulting from the integration of new acquisitions could disrupt our operations and adversely affect our operations and profitability. Moreover, we may also acquire, as part of future acquisitions, assets unrelated to our business, and we may not be able to integrate them or sell them under favorable terms and conditions.

We may be required to record a significant charge to earnings if we must reassess our goodwill or other intangible assets.

In accordance with IFRS, management must test for impairment goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite useful life annually, or more frequently if there are indicators of impairment, and recognize a non-cash charge in an amount equal to the impairment. In connection with the acquisition of Hydril completed on May 7, 2007, we recorded $1,042 million in goodwill and $1,093 million in other intangible assets (i.e., customer relationships, proprietary technology and trade names and information systems) in 2007. In addition, in connection with the acquisition of Maverick on October 5, 2006, we recorded $1,114 million in goodwill and $1,494 million in customer relationships in 2006. If our management was to determine in the future that the goodwill or other intangible assets recognized in connection with the acquisitions of Hydril or Maverick were impaired, we would be required to recognize a non-cash charge to write down the value of these assets, which would adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Our results of operations could be adversely affected by movements in exchange rates.

As a global company we manufacture and sell products in a number of countries throughout the world and as a result we are exposed to foreign exchange rate risk. Changes in currency values could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

 

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Related-party transactions with companies controlled by San Faustin may not be on terms as favorable as could be obtained from unrelated and unaffiliated third parties.

A portion of our sales and purchases of goods and services are made to and from other companies controlled by San Faustin. These sales and purchases are primarily made in the ordinary course of business and we believe they are carried out on terms no less favorable than those we could obtain from unaffiliated third parties. We will continue to engage in related-party transactions in the future, and these transactions may not be on terms as favorable as could be obtained from unaffiliated third parties. For information concerning our principal transactions with related parties, see Item 7.B. “Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions – Related Party Transactions”.

Our sales of steel pipe products for pipeline projects are volatile and depend mainly on the implementation of major regional projects and on our ability to secure contracts to supply these projects.

Our sales of pipes for pipeline projects depend to a large extent on the number of active pipeline projects under contract and their rate of progress, particularly in the South American regional market where we have our manufacturing facilities for these products. Future sales of these products depend to a large extent on our ability to secure contracts to supply major pipeline projects and their subsequent implementation. The implementation of such projects varies significantly from year to year. For example, during 2006, our sales of pipes for pipelines projects declined significantly as large pipeline projects in Brazil and Argentina were delayed before recovering again in 2007 when those and other pipeline projects began to be implemented. Our welded pipe revenues and profitability may fluctuate significantly in future years depending on our success in securing large supply contracts and on specific factors such as the cancellation or postponement of specific projects due to changes in governmental policies or adverse developments in economic, political or other factors.

The cost of complying with environmental regulations and unforeseen environmental liabilities may increase our operating costs or negatively impact our net worth.

We are subject to a wide range of local, provincial and national laws, regulations, permit requirements and decrees relating to the protection of human health and the environment. We incur and will continue to incur expenditures to comply with these and such regulations. The expenditures necessary to remain in compliance with these laws and regulations, including site or other remediation costs, or costs incurred from unforeseen environmental liabilities, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and profitability.

Risks Relating to the Structure of the Company

As a holding company, our ability to pay cash dividends depends on the results of operations and financial condition of our subsidiaries and could be restricted by legal, contractual or other limitations.

We conduct all our operations through subsidiaries. Dividends or other intercompany transfers of funds from our subsidiaries are our primary source of funds to pay expenses, debt service and dividends. We do not and will not conduct operations at the holding company level.

The ability of our subsidiaries to pay dividends and make other payments to us will depend on the profitability of their operations and their financial condition and could be restricted by applicable corporate and other laws and regulations, including those imposing exchange controls or transfer restrictions, and other agreements and commitments of our subsidiaries.

In addition, our ability to pay dividends to shareholders is subject to legal and other requirements and restrictions in effect at the holding company level. For example, we may only pay dividends out of distributable retained earnings and distributable reserves calculated in accordance with Luxembourg Law and regulations. See Item 8.A. “Financial Information – Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information – Dividend Policy”.

 

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The Company’s tax-exempt status will terminate on December 31, 2010. If we are unable to mitigate the consequences of the termination of the preferential tax regime applying to the Company, we or our shareholders may be subject to a higher tax burden in the future.

The Company was established as a société anonyme holding under Luxembourg’s 1929 holding company regime and the “billionaire” provisions relating thereto. 1929 holding companies are exempt from Luxembourg corporate income tax over income derived from low tax jurisdictions and withholding tax over dividends distributions to holders of our shares and ADSs. Following a decision by the European Commission, the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg has terminated its 1929 holding company regime, effective January 1, 2007. However, under the implementing legislation, pre-existing publicly-listed companies –including the Company– are entitled to continue benefiting from their current tax regime until December 31, 2010. If we are unable to mitigate the consequences of the termination of the preferential tax regime, we or our shareholders may be subject to a higher tax burden in the future.

The Company’s controlling shareholder may be able to take actions that do not reflect the will or best interests of other shareholders.

As of June 4, 2008, San Faustin beneficially owned 60.4% of our shares. Rocca & Partners controls a significant portion of the voting power of San Faustin and has the ability to influence matters affecting, or submitted to a vote of, the shareholders of San Faustin. As a result, Rocca & Partners is indirectly able to elect a substantial majority of the members of our board of directors and has the power to determine the outcome of most actions requiring shareholder approval, including, subject to the requirements of Luxembourg law, the payment of dividends by us. The decisions of the controlling shareholder may not reflect the will or best interests of other shareholders. For example, our articles of association permit our board of directors to waive, limit or suppress preemptive rights in certain cases. Accordingly, our controlling shareholder may cause our board of directors to approve an issuance of shares for consideration without preemptive rights, thereby diluting the minority interest in the Company. See Item 3.D. “Risk Factors – Risks relating to the Company’s shares and ADSs – Holders of our shares and ADSs in the United States may not be able to exercise preemptive rights in certain cases”.

Risks Relating to the Company’s Shares and ADSs

The trading price of our shares and ADSs may suffer as a result of developments in emerging markets in general, not just the emerging markets where we have assets and operations.

Although the Company is organized as a Luxembourg corporation, a significant portion of our assets and operations are located in Latin America and many of our shares and ADSs are held in the portfolios of funds with a mandate to invest in emerging market securities. Financial and securities markets for companies with substantial asset and operational exposure to emerging markets are, to varying degrees, influenced by economic, market conditions and developments in general in other emerging market countries where they are not present. Although economic conditions are different in each country, investor reaction to developments in one country can have significant effects on the securities of issuers with assets or operations in other emerging markets.

In deciding whether to purchase, hold or sell our shares or ADSs, you may not have access to as much information about us as you would in the case of a U.S. company.

There may be less publicly available information about us than is regularly published by or about U.S. issuers. Also, Luxembourg regulations governing the securities of Luxembourg companies may not be as extensive as those in effect in the United States, and Luxembourg law and regulations in respect of corporate governance matters might not be as protective of minority shareholders as state corporation laws in the United States. Furthermore, IFRS, the accounting standards in accordance with which we prepare our consolidated financial statements differ in certain material aspects from the accounting standards used in the United States.

 

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Holders of our ADSs may encounter difficulties in the exercise of dividend and voting rights.

You may encounter difficulties in the exercise of some of your rights as a shareholder if you hold ADSs rather than shares. If we make a distribution in the form of securities, the depositary is allowed, at its discretion, to sell that right to acquire those securities on your behalf and instead distribute the net proceeds to you. Also, under certain circumstances, such as our failure to provide the depositary with voting materials on a timely basis, you may not be able to vote by giving instructions to the depositary. In certain circumstances the Company may request the depositary to give a discretionary proxy to the person designated by the Company to vote deposited securities in favor of proposals or recommendations of the Company, including any recommendation to vote in accordance with the majority shareholders’ vote, the depositary shall grant such proxy unless a different instruction is timely received from the holder of ADS with respect to a determined amount of securities.

Holders of our shares and ADSs in the United States may not be able to exercise preemptive rights in certain cases.

Pursuant to Luxembourg corporate law, existing shareholders of the Company are generally entitled to preemptive subscription rights in the event of capital increases and issues of shares against cash contributions. Under the Company’s articles of association, the board of directors has been authorized to waive, limit or suppress such preemptive subscription rights until 2012. The Company may, however, issue shares without preemptive rights if the newly-issued shares are issued for consideration other than cash, are issued as compensation to directors, officers, agents or employees of the Company or its affiliates, or are issued to satisfy conversion or option rights created to provide compensation to directors, officers, agents or employees of the Company, its subsidiaries or its affiliates. Holders of the Company’s ADSs in the United States may, in any event, not be able to exercise any preemptive rights, if granted, for ordinary shares underlying their ADSs unless additional ordinary shares and ADSs are registered under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or Securities Act, with respect to those rights, or an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act is available. Prior to any capital increase or rights offering, the Company will evaluate the costs and potential liabilities associated with the exercise by holders of ADSs of their preemptive rights for ordinary shares underlying their ADSs and any other factors it considers appropriate. The Company may decide not to register any additional ordinary shares or ADSs, in which case the depositary would be required to sell the holders’ rights and distribute the proceeds thereof. Should the depositary not be permitted or otherwise be unable to sell preemptive rights, the rights may be allowed to lapse with no consideration to be received by the holders of the ADSs.

It may be difficult to enforce judgments against us in U.S. courts.

The Company is a corporation organized under the laws of Luxembourg, and the majority of our assets are located outside of the United States. Furthermore, most of the Company’s directors and officers named in this annual report reside outside the United States. As a result, investors may not be able to effect service of process within the United States upon us or our directors or officers or to enforce against us or them in U.S. courts judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions of U.S. federal securities law. There is also uncertainty with regard to the enforceability of original actions in courts outside the United States of civil liabilities predicated upon the civil liability provisions of U.S. federal securities laws. Furthermore, the enforceability in courts outside the United States of judgments entered by U.S. courts predicated upon the civil liability provisions of U.S. federal securities law will be subject to compliance with procedural requirements under applicable local law, including the condition that the judgment does not violate the public policy of the applicable jurisdiction.

 

Item 4. Information on the Company

Overview

We are a leading global manufacturer and supplier of steel pipe products and related services for the world’s energy industry as well as for other industrial applications. Our customers include most of the world’s leading oil and gas companies as well as engineering companies engaged in constructing oil and gas gathering, transportation and processing facilities. Our principal products include casing, tubing, line pipe, and mechanical and structural pipes.

 

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In the last fifteen years, we have expanded our business globally through a series of strategic investments, and, in the last two years, we have transformed our presence in the North American market through the acquisitions of Maverick, a leading North American producer of steel pipe products for the oil and gas industry with operations in the U.S., Canada and Colombia, and Hydril, a leading North American manufacturer of premium connections for steel pipe products used in the oil and gas industry with an established reputation worldwide. We now operate an integrated worldwide network of steel pipe manufacturing, research, finishing and service facilities with industrial operations in North and South America, Europe, Asia and Africa and a direct presence in most major oil and gas markets.

We provide tubular products and related services to our customers around the world through global business units serving specific market segments and local business units serving the regional markets where we have our main production facilities. Our global business units include:

 

 

Tenaris Oilfield Services, focused on the tubular needs of oil and gas companies in their drilling activities;

 

 

Tenaris Pipeline Services, focused on the tubular needs of oil and gas and other energy companies in the transmission of fluids and gases from the well head to processing and distribution facilities;

 

 

Tenaris Process and Power Plant Services, focused on the tubular needs of oil and gas processing facilities, refineries, petrochemical companies and energy generating plants for construction and maintenance purposes; and

 

 

Tenaris Industrial and Automotive Services, focused on the tubular needs of automobile and other industrial manufacturers.

A. History and Development of the Company

Our holding company’s legal and commercial name is Tenaris S.A. The Company is a joint stock corporation (société anonyme holding) organized under the laws of Luxembourg and was incorporated on December 17, 2001. Its registered office is located at 46a, Avenue John F. Kennedy, 2nd Floor, L-1855, Luxembourg, telephone (352) 2647-8978. Its agent for U.S. federal securities law purposes is Tenaris Global Services Inc., located at 2200 West Loop South, Suite 8000, Houston, TX 77027.

Tenaris began with the formation of Siderca S.A.I.C., or Siderca, the sole Argentine producer of seamless steel pipe products, by San Faustin’s predecessor in Argentina in 1948. Siat, an Argentine welded steel pipe manufacturer, was acquired in 1986. We grew organically in Argentina and then, in the early 1990s, began to evolve beyond this initial base into a global business through a series of strategic investments. These investments included the acquisition, directly or indirectly, of controlling or substantial interests in steel pipe producing companies, including:

 

 

Tubos de Acero de México S.A., or Tamsa, the sole Mexican producer of seamless steel pipe products (June 1993);

 

 

Dalmine S.p.A., or Dalmine, a leading Italian producer of seamless steel pipe products (February 1996);

 

 

Tubos de Acero de Venezuela S.A., or Tavsa, the sole Venezuelan producer of seamless steel pipe products (October 1998);

 

 

Confab Industrial S.A., or Confab, the leading Brazilian producer of welded steel pipe products (August 1999);

 

 

NKKTubes, a leading Japanese producer of seamless steel pipe products (August 2000);

 

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Algoma Tubes Inc., or AlgomaTubes, the sole Canadian producer of seamless steel pipe products (October 2000);

 

 

S.C. Silcotub S.A., or Silcotub, a leading Romanian producer of seamless steel pipe products (July 2004); and

 

 

Maverick, a leading North American producer of welded steel pipe products with operations in the U.S., Canada and Colombia (October 2006).

In addition, we have established a global network of pipe finishing, distribution and service facilities with a direct presence in most major oil and gas markets and a global network of research and development centers.

On May 7, 2007, we strengthened our technological capabilities and our global network of pipe finishing, distribution and service facilities through the acquisition of Hydril, a leading North American manufacturer of premium connections and pressure control products for oil and gas drilling production. We integrated Hydril’s premium connection business into our global operations and, on April 1, 2008, we sold Hydril’s pressure control business to General Electric Company, or GE, for a total consideration of approximately $1,115 million. For more information on the Hydril pressure control business divestment, see Item 5.G. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects – Recent Developments – Sale of Hydril Pressure Control Business”.

B. Business Overview

Our business strategy is to continue expanding our operations worldwide and further consolidate our position as a leading global supplier of high-quality tubular products and services to the energy and other industries by:

 

 

pursuing strategic acquisition opportunities in order to strengthen our presence in local and global markets;

 

 

expanding our comprehensive range of products and developing new high-value products designed to meet the needs of customers operating in increasingly challenging environments;

 

 

securing an adequate supply of production inputs and reducing the manufacturing costs of our core products; and

 

 

enhancing our range of pipe management and other value-added services designed to enable customers to reduce their overall operating costs while integrating our production activities with the customer supply chain.

Pursuing strategic acquisition opportunities and alliances

We have a solid record of growth through strategic acquisitions. We pursue selective strategic acquisitions as a means to expand our operations, enhance our global competitive position and capitalize on potential operational synergies. In May 2007, we acquired Hydril, a leading North American manufacturer of premium connections for steel pipe products used in oil and gas drilling production and, in October 2006, we acquired Maverick, a North American producer of steel pipe products for the energy industry, expanding our operations in North America.

 

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Developing high-value products

We have developed an extensive range of high-value products suitable for most of our customers’ operations using our network of specialized research and testing facilities and by investing in our manufacturing facilities. As our customers expand their operations, we seek to supply high-value products that reduce costs and enable them to operate safely in increasingly challenging environments.

Securing inputs for our manufacturing operations

We seek to secure our existing sources of raw material and energy inputs, and to gain access to new sources, of low-cost inputs which can help us maintain or reduce the cost of manufacturing our core products over the long term. For example, in May 2005, we acquired Donasid, a Romanian steel producer, to secure a source of steel for our Romanian operations and reduce costs.

Developing pipe management and other value-added services

We continue to develop pipe management and other value-added services for our customers worldwide. Through the provision of these services, we seek to enable our customers to reduce costs and to concentrate on their core businesses. They are also intended to differentiate us from our competitors, further strengthen our relationships with our customers worldwide through long-term agreements and add value in the supply chain.

Our Competitive Strengths

We believe our main competitive strengths include:

 

 

our global production, commercial and distribution capabilities, offering a full product range with flexible supply options backed up by local service capabilities in important oil and gas producing and industrial regions around the world;

 

 

our ability to develop, design and manufacture technologically advanced products;

 

 

our solid and diversified customer base and historic relationships with major international oil and gas companies around the world, and our strong and stable market shares in the countries in which we have manufacturing operations;

 

 

our human resources around the world with their diverse knowledge and skills;

 

 

our low-cost operations, primarily at state-of-the-art, strategically located production facilities with favorable access to raw materials, energy and labor, and 50 years of operating experience; and

 

 

our strong balance sheet.

Business Segments

Our business is organized in three business segments: Tubes, Projects, and Others.

 

 

Tubes includes our operations that consist in the production, distribution and sale of seamless and welded tubular products and related services mainly for energy and select industrial applications.

 

 

Projects includes our operations that consist in the production, distribution and sale of welded pipes mainly used in the construction of major pipeline projects.

 

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Others includes our operations that consist mainly in the production, distribution and sale of sucker rods, welded steel pipes for electric conduits, industrial equipment and raw materials, such as HBI, that exceed our internal requirements.

Our Products

Our principal finished products are seamless and welded steel casing and tubing, line pipe and various other mechanical and structural steel pipes for different uses. Casing and tubing are also known as oil country tubular goods or OCTG. In our Projects business segment we also produce large diameter welded steel pipes for oil and gas pipelines. We manufacture our steel pipe products in a wide range of specifications, which vary in diameter, length, thickness, finishing, steel grades, threading and coupling. For most complex applications, including high pressure and high temperature applications, seamless steel pipes are usually specified and, for some standard applications, welded steel pipes can also be used.

Casing. Steel casing is used to sustain the walls of oil and gas wells during and after drilling.

Tubing. Steel tubing is used to conduct crude oil and natural gas to the surface after drilling has been completed.

Line pipe. Steel line pipe is used to transport crude oil and natural gas from wells to refineries, storage tanks and loading and distribution centers.

Mechanical and structural pipes. Mechanical and structural pipes are used by general industry for various applications, including the transportation of other forms of gas and liquids under high pressure.

Cold-drawn pipe. The cold-drawing process permits the production of pipes with the diameter and wall thickness required for use in boilers, superheaters, condensers, heat exchangers, automobile production and several other industrial applications.

Premium joints and couplings. Premium joints and couplings are specially designed connections used to join lengths of steel casing and tubing for use in high temperature or high pressure environments. A significant portion of our steel casing and tubing products are supplied with premium joints and couplings. We own an extensive range of premium connections, and following the integration of Hydril’s premium connections business, we market our premium connection products under the TenarisHydril brand name. In addition, we hold licensing rights to manufacture and sell the Atlas Bradford range of premium connections outside of the United States.

Coiled tubing. Coiled tubing is used for oil and gas drilling and well workovers and for subsea pipelines.

Other Products. We also manufacture sucker rods used in oil extraction activities, industrial equipment of various specifications and diverse applications, including liquid and gas storage equipment, and welded steel pipes for electric conduits used in the construction industry. In addition, we sell raw materials, such as HBI, that exceed our internal requirements.

Production Process and Facilities

We operate relatively low-cost production facilities, which we believe is the result of:

 

 

state-of-the-art, strategically located plants;

 

 

favorable access to high quality raw materials, energy and labor at competitive costs;

 

 

operating history of 50 years, which translates into solid industrial know-how;

 

 

constant benchmarking and best-practices sharing among the different facilities;

 

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increasing specialization of each of our facilities in specific product ranges; and

 

 

extensive use of information technology in our production processes.

Our seamless pipes production facilities are located in North and South America, Europe and Asia and our welded pipes production facilities are located in North and South America. In addition, we manufacture welded steel pipes for electric conduits in the United States and Colombia, tubular accessories such as sucker rods (used in oil drilling) at facilities in Argentina and Brazil, couplings in the United States, Argentina, China, Mexico and Romania, and pipe fittings in Mexico. In addition to our pipe threading and finishing facilities at our integrated pipe production facilities, we also have pipe threading facilities for production of API and premium joints in the United States, Canada, China, Indonesia, Nigeria, and the United Kingdom.

The following table shows our aggregate installed production capacity of seamless and welded steel pipes and steel bars at the dates indicated as well as the aggregate actual production volumes for the periods indicated. The figures for effective annual capacity are based on our estimates of effective annual production capacity under present conditions.

 

     At or for the year ended December 31,
     2007    2006    2005
Thousands of tons         

Steel Bars

        

Effective Capacity (annual) (1)

   3,450    3,450    3,350

Actual Production

   2,985    3,107    2,881

Tubes - Seamless

        

Effective Capacity (annual)(1)

   3,400    3,400    3,350

Actual Production

   2,836    3,013    2,842

Tubes - Welded

        

Effective Capacity (annual) (1)

   1,860    1,860    —  

Actual Production (2)

   909    316    —  

Projects - Welded

        

Effective Capacity (annual) (1)

   850    850    850

Actual Production

   499    326    476

 

(1) Effective annual production capacity is calculated based on standard productivity of production lines, theoretical product mix allocations and considering the maximum number of possible working shifts and a continued flow of supplies to the production process.
(2) In 2006, includes production from the Villa Constitución facility for eleven months and from the former Maverick facilities for three months.

Production Facilities - Tubes

North America

In North America, we have a fully integrated seamless pipe manufacturing facility, a threading plant and a pipe fittings facility in Mexico, three welded pipe manufacturing facilities, two coiled tubing facilities, three threading plants and a couplings manufacturing facility in the United States, and a seamless pipe rolling mill, a welded pipe manufacturing facility and two threading plants in Canada.

Mexico. In Mexico, our fully integrated seamless pipe manufacturing facility is located near the major exploration and drilling operations of Mexican state oil company Petróleos Mexicanos, or Pemex, about 13 kilometers from the port of Veracruz on the Gulf of Mexico. The Veracruz plant was inaugurated in 1954. Situated on an area of 450 hectares, the plant includes a state-of-the-art seamless pipe mill and has an installed annual production capacity of approximately 780,000 tons of seamless steel pipes (with an outside diameter range of 2 to 20 inches) and 850,000 tons of steel bars. The plant is served by two highways and a railroad and is close to the port of Veracruz, which reduces transportation costs and facilitates product shipments to export markets.

 

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The Veracruz facility comprises:

 

 

a steel shop, including an electric arc furnace, refining equipment, four-strand continuous caster and a cooling bed;

 

 

a multi-stand pipe mill, including a rotary furnace, direct piercing equipment, continuous mandrel mill, and a cooling bed;

 

 

a pilger pipe mill, including a rotary furnace, direct piercing equipment, a reheating furnace and a cooling bed;

 

 

four finishing lines, including heat treatment facilities, upsetting machines and threading and inspection equipment;

 

 

a stretch reducing mill, including cutting saws and a cooling bed;

 

 

a cold-drawing mill; and

 

 

automotive components production machinery.

The major operational units at the Veracruz facility and the corresponding annual installed production capacity (in thousands of tons per year, except for the auto components facility, which is in millions of parts) as of December 31, 2007, and the year operations commenced, are as follows:

 

     Effective
Production
Capacity
(annual)(1)
   Year
Operations
Commenced

Steel Shop

   850    1986

Pipe Production Multi-Stand Pipe Mill

   700    1983

Pilger Mill

   80    1954

Cold-Drawing Mill

   35    1963

Auto Components Facility

   30    2004

 

(1) Effective annual production capacity is calculated based on standard productivity of production lines, theoretical product mix allocations and considering the maximum number of possible working shifts and a continued flow of supplies to the production process.

In 2007, as part of the acquisition of Hydril, we incorporated into our Mexican operations a threading plant in Veracruz, which produces premium connections and accessories.

In addition to the Veracruz facilities, we operate a manufacturing facility near Monterrey in the state of Nuevo León, Mexico, for the production of weldable pipe fittings. This facility has an annual production capacity of approximately 15,000 tons.

United States. In the United States we have the following production facilities:

Hickman, Arkansas: Our main U.S. production facility, covering an area of 78 hectares. This facility processes steel coils to produce electric resistance welded, or ERW, OCTG and line pipe with an outside diameter range from 1 1/2 to 16 inches and has an annual production capacity of approximately 900,000 tons. It includes:

 

 

A plant commissioned in 1993 comprising two mills producing 1 1/ 2 through 5 1/2 inches API products with three finishing lines and two heat treatment lines;

 

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A plant commissioned in 2000 comprising two mills producing 3 1/ 2 through 16 inches API products with two finishing lines; and

 

 

A coating facility commissioned in 2001 coating sizes up to 16 inches.

Conroe, Texas: A plant located on an area of 47 hectares which processes steel coils to produce ERW OCTG and line pipe, with an outside diameter range of 4 1/2 to 8 5/8 inches and has an annual production capacity of approximately 250,000 tons. The facility includes one mill, one heat treatment line and one finishing line.

Counce, Tennessee: A plant located on an area of 54 hectares which processes steel coils to produce ERW OCTG and line pipe with an outside diameter range of 4 1/2 to 8 5/8 inches and has an annual production capacity of approximately 90,000 tons. The facility has one mill and a finishing line capable of producing line pipe products.

In addition, we have specialized facilities in the Houston area producing coiled tubing, umbilical tubing and couplings.

 

 

A coiled tubing facility commissioned in the 1990s. The facility has approximately 150,000 square feet of manufacturing space on 4 hectares. The plant consists of two mills and coating operations capable of producing coiled tubing products in various grades, sizes and wall thicknesses.

 

 

An umbilical tubing facility commissioned in the 1990s. The facility has approximately 85,000 square feet of manufacturing space on 6 hectares. The facility is capable of producing stainless or carbon steel tubing in various grades, sizes and wall thickness.

 

 

The Texas Arai coupling facility commissioned in 1981. The plant has an annual capacity of approximately 4.4 million couplings in OCTG sizes ranging from 2 3/8 through 20 inches in carbon and alloy steel grades.

Furthermore, as part of the acquisition of Hydril, we added the following threading facilities, which are mainly dedicated to the finishing of tubes with premium connections:

 

 

McCarty: a threading facility in Houston, Texas, which comprises two main production buildings in an area of approximately 20 hectares;

 

 

Westwego: a threading facility located in Louisiana; and

 

 

Bakersfield: a threading facility in California, mainly used as a repair shop.

Canada. In Canada, we have a seamless steel pipe manufacturing facility located adjacent to the Algoma Steel manufacturing complex in Sault Ste. Marie, near the mouth of Lake Superior in the province of Ontario. The facility includes a semi-retained mandrel mill, a stretch reducing mill and heat treatment and finishing facilities producing seamless pipe products with an outside diameter range of 2 to 9 7/8 inches. The effective annual capacity of the facility is at approximately 250,000 tons. The plant was opened in 1986 and was operated as part of Algoma Steel until shortly before it was leased to us in 2000. In February 2004, we completed the purchase of the leased facilities, spare parts and other operating assets. Since we began operating the facility, we have sourced steel bars principally from our steel shops in Argentina and Mexico. In 2007, we signed a 10-year contract with QIT, a Canadian producer of titanium dioxide and high purity iron, under which QIT supplies up to 100,000 tons of round steel bars per year at U.S. dollar prices which vary in accordance with variations in raw material costs. We use steel bars produced in our integrated facilities in Argentina and Mexico for the remainder of our round steel bar requirements.

In addition, we own the Prudential welded steel pipe manufacturing facility based in Calgary, Alberta, which processes steel coils into ERW OCTG and line pipe with an outside diameter range of 2 3/8 to 12 3/4 inches. The facility, originally commissioned in 1966, includes a slitter, three welding lines and four threading lines. The annual capacity of this plant is at approximately 400,000 tons.

 

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Moreover, as a result of the acquisition of Hydril, added two threading facilities in Canada:

 

 

Nisku: a threading facility located in Alberta, dedicated to premium connections; and

 

 

Dartmouth: a threading facility in Nova Scotia, mainly used as a repair shop.

South America

In South America, we have a fully integrated seamless pipe facility in Argentina and a seamless pipe plant in Venezuela. In addition, we have welded pipe manufacturing facilities in Argentina and Colombia.

Argentina. Our principal manufacturing facility in South America is a fully integrated plant on the banks of the Paraná river near the town of Campana, approximately 80 kilometers from the City of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The Campana plant was inaugurated in 1954. Situated on over 300 hectares, the plant includes a state-of-the-art seamless pipe mill and has an effective annual production capacity of approximately 900,000 tons of seamless steel pipe (with an outside diameter range of 1 1/4 to 10 3/4 inches) and 1,300,000 tons of steel bars.

The Campana facility comprises:

 

 

a direct reduced iron, or DRI, production plant;

 

 

a steel shop with two production lines, each including an electric arc furnace, refining equipment, four-strand continuous caster and a cooling bed;

 

 

two continuous mandrel mills, each including a rotary furnace, direct piercing equipment and a cooling bed and one of them also including a stretch reducing mill;

 

 

seven finishing lines, including heat treatment facilities, upsetting machines, threading and inspection equipment and make-up facilities;

 

 

a cold-drawing mill; and

 

 

a port on the Paraná river for the supply of raw materials and the shipment of finished products.

In February 2003, we acquired a modern gas turbine power generation plant, located at San Nicolás, approximately 150 kilometers from Campana. The capacity of this power generation plant—160 megawatts—together with a smaller thermo-electric power generating plant located within the Campana facility, is sufficient to supply all of the electric power requirements of the Campana facility.

 

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The major operational units at the Campana facility and corresponding effective annual production capacity (in thousands of tons per year) as of December 31, 2007, and the year operations commenced are as follows:

 

     Effective
Production
Capacity
(annual)(1)
   Year Operations
Commenced

DRI

   935    1976

Steel Shop

     

Continuous Casting I

   530    1971

Continuous Casting II

   770    1987

Pipe Production

     

Mandrel Mill I

   330    1977

Mandrel Mill II

   570    1988

Cold-Drawing Mill

   20    1962

 

(1) Effective annual production capacity is calculated based on standard productivity of production lines, theoretical product mix allocations and considering the maximum number of possible working shifts and a continued flow of supplies to the production process.

In addition to our main integrated seamless pipe facility, we also have a welded pipe manufacturing facility in Argentina located at Villa Constitución in the province of Santa Fe, which we acquired in January 2006. The facility has an annual production capacity of approximately 80,000 tons of welded pipes with an outside diameter range of 1 to 6 inches.

Venezuela. In Venezuela, we have a seamless steel pipe plant with an annual production capacity of approximately 80,000 tons, located in Ciudad Guayana in the eastern part of the country. The plant is situated on an area comprising 38 hectares within the Sidor C.A., or Sidor, iron and steel manufacturing complex on the banks of the Orinoco River. The plant includes a pilger mill and finishing line, including threading facilities, and produces seamless pipe products with an outside diameter range of 6 5/8 to 16 inches. The plant uses steel bars supplied by Sidor, a subsidiary of our affiliate Ternium, as its principal raw material. In July 2004, together with Sidor, we acquired an industrial facility, also in Ciudad Guayana, Venezuela, to produce HBI.

Colombia. As part of the acquisition of Maverick in 2006, we incorporated the TuboCaribe welded pipe manufacturing facility in Cartagena, Colombia on an area of 28 hectares. The total estimated yearly capacity is 140,000 tons. The plant produces mainly ERW OCTG and line pipe products having two mills with an outside diameter range of 2 3/8 to 8 5/8 inches, three heat treatment lines and three threading lines. Inspection lines and materials testing laboratories complete the production facility. A 2 to 42 inches diameter multilayer coating facility complements our line pipe production facilities.

Europe

In Europe, we have several seamless pipe manufacturing facilities in Italy and one in Romania and a premium connection threading facility in the United Kingdom.

Italy. Our principal manufacturing facility in Europe is an integrated plant located in the town of Dalmine in the industrial region of Bergamo, about 40 kilometers from Milan in northern Italy. Situated on an area of 150 hectares, the plant includes a state-of-the-art seamless pipe mill and has an annual production capacity of approximately 800,000 tons of seamless steel pipes and 900,000 tons of steel bars.

The Dalmine facility comprises:

 

 

a steel shop, including an electric arc furnace, two ladle furnaces, two continuous casters and a cooling bed;

 

 

a continuous floating mandrel mill with one heat treatment and two finishing lines;

 

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a retained mandrel mill with three finishing lines including two heat treatments;

 

 

a rotary expander with a finishing line including a heat treatment; and

 

 

a pilger pipe mill with a finishing line.

The major operational units at the Dalmine facility and corresponding annual effective production capacity (in thousands of tons per year) as of December 31, 2007, and the year operations commenced are as follows:

 

     Effective
Production
Capacity
(annual) (1)
   Year Operations
Commenced

Steel Shop

   900    1976

Pipe Production

     

Pilger Mill

   10    1937

Mandrel Mill:

     

Floating Mandrel Mill Small Diameter

   140    1962

Retained Mandrel Mill Medium Diameter (plus Rotary Expander for Large Diameter)

   650    1978

 

(1) Effective annual production capacity is calculated based on standard productivity of production lines, theoretical product mix allocations and considering the maximum number of possible working shifts and a continued flow of supplies to the production process.

The Dalmine facility manufactures seamless steel pipes with an outside diameter range of 21 to 711 mm (0.75 to 28.0 inches), mainly from carbon, low alloy and high alloy steels for diverse applications. The Dalmine facility also manufactures steel bars for processing at our other facilities in Italy.

Our production facilities located in Italy have a collective annual production capacity of approximately 950,000 tons of seamless steel pipes. Aside from the main facility mentioned above, they include:

 

 

the Costa Volpino facility, which covers an area of approximately 31 hectares and comprises a cold-drawing mill and an auto components facility producing cold-drawn carbon, low alloy and high alloy steel pipes with an outside diameter range of 12 to 280 mm (0.47 to 11.00 inches), mainly for automotive, mechanical and machinery companies in Europe. The Costa Volpino facility has an annual production capacity of approximately 100,000 tons;

 

 

the Arcore facility, which covers an area of approximately 26 hectares and comprises a Diescher mill with associated finishing lines. Production is concentrated in heavy-wall mechanical pipes with an outside diameter range of 48 to 219 mm (1.89 to 8.62 inches). The Arcore facility has an annual production capacity of approximately 150,000 tons; and

 

 

the Piombino facility, which covers an area of approximately 67 hectares and comprises a welded pipe production line (Fretz Moon type) with a hot stretch reducing mill, a hot dip galvanizing line and associated finishing facilities. Production is focused on welded pipe and finishing of small diameter seamless and welded pipe for plumbing applications in the domestic market, such as residential water and gas transport. The Piombino facility has an annual production capacity of approximately 180,000 tons.

In addition to these facilities, we operate a manufacturing facility at Sabbio, which manufactures gas cylinders with a production capacity of approximately 14,000 tons or 270,000 pieces per year.

In order to reduce the cost of electrical energy at our operations in Dalmine, we recently constructed a gas-fired, combined heat and power station with a capacity of 120 MW at Dalmine. This new facility began operations in May 2007. Our operations in Dalmine consume most of the power generated at the plant which is designed to have sufficient capacity to meet the electric power requirements of these operations at peak load. Excess power is sold to third party consumers and heat is sold for district heating.

 

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Romania. In July 2004 we acquired a seamless steel pipe manufacturing facility in Romania, located in Zalau city, near the Hungarian border, 480 kilometers from Bucharest. The Silcotub facility includes a continuous mandrel mill and has an annual production capacity of approximately 180,000 tons of seamless steel tubes. The plant produces carbon and alloy steel tubes with an outside diameter range of 8 to 146 mm (0.314 to 5.74 inches). In May 2005, we acquired a steelmaking facility in southern Romania, with an annual steelmaking capacity of 400,000 tons. Following investments to convert this capacity to the production of steel bars for seamless pipe production, this facility has been integrated into our Romanian and European operations and in February 2006 began to supply steel bars to the Silcotub facility as well as to Dalmine’s facilities in Italy. The combined Romanian facilities comprise:

 

 

a steel shop including an electric arc furnace, a ladle furnace and a continuous caster;

 

 

a continuous mandrel;

 

 

three finishing lines, including heat treatment facilities, upsetting machine, line pipe, threading, make-up and inspection equipment facilities;

 

 

a coupling shop;

 

 

a cold-drawing plant with finishing area; and

 

 

automotive and hydraulic cylinders components’ production machinery.

Far East and Oceania

Our seamless pipe manufacturing facility in Asia, operated by NKKTubes, is located in Kawasaki, Japan, in the Keihin steel complex owned by JFE, the successor company of NKK that resulted from the business combination of NKK with Kawasaki Steel Corporation, or Kawasaki Steel. The facility includes a floating mandrel mill, a plug mill and heat treatment, upsetting and threading facilities producing seamless pipe products with an outside diameter range of 1 to 17 inches. The effective annual capacity of the facility is at approximately 260,000 tons. The plant was operated by NKK until its acquisition by NKKTubes in 2000. Steel bars and other essential inputs and services are supplied by JFE, which retains a 49% interest in NKKTubes through its subsidiary JFE Engineering. The NKKTubes facility produces a wide range of carbon, alloy and stainless steel pipes for the local market and high value-added products for export markets. For a discussion of NKK’s business combination with Kawasaki Steel, see Item 4. “Information on the Company – Competition”.

In November 2006, we began operating a newly constructed facility for the production of premium joints and couplings in Qingdao, on the east coast of China. The facility has an annual production capacity of approximately 40,000 tons of premium joints.

In addition, with the acquisition of Hydril in 2007, we incorporated a premium joints threading facility in the state of Batam, Indonesia.

Production Facilities - Projects

We have two major welded pipe facilities, one in Brazil and one in Argentina, which produce pipes used in the construction of major pipeline projects. The facility in Brazil, operated by Confab, is located at Pindamonhangaba, 160 kilometers from the city of São Paulo. The facility includes an ERW rolling mill and a SAW (submerged arc welding) rolling mill with one spiral line and one longitudinal line. The facility, which was originally opened in 1959, processes steel coils and plates to produce welded steel pipes with an outside diameter range of 4 1/2 to 100 inches for various applications, including oil, petrochemical and gas applications. The facility also supplies anticorrosion pipe coating made of extruded polyethylene or polypropylene, external and internal fusion bonded epoxy and paint for internal pipe coating. The facility has an annual production capacity of approximately 500,000 tons.

 

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The facility in Argentina is located at Valentín Alsina just south of the city of Buenos Aires. The facility includes ERW and SAW rolling mills with one spiral line. The facility was originally inaugurated in 1948 and processes steel coils and plate to produce welded steel pipes with an outside diameter range of 4 1/2 to 80 inches, which are used for the conveying of fluids at low, medium and high pressure and for mechanical and structural purposes. The facility has an annual production capacity of approximately 350,000 tons.

Production Facilities - Others

We have facilities for the manufacture of sucker rods in Villa Mercedes, San Luis, Argentina and in Moreira Cesar, São Paulo, Brazil. In Moreira Cesar, we also have facilities for the manufacture of industrial equipment. As part of the acquisition of Maverick in 2006, we incorporated a welded steel pipe business for electric conduits with manufacturing facilities in Louisville, Kentucky, Cedar Springs, Georgia and Cartagena, Colombia. These plants process steel coils into conduit tubing and have a combined annual capacity of approximately 240,000 tons.

Sales and Marketing

Net Sales

Our total net sales amounted to $10,042 million in 2007, $7,728 million in 2006 and $6,210 million in 2005. For further information on our net sales see Item 5.A. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects – Results of Operations”.

The following table shows our net sales by business segment for the periods indicated therein:

 

Millions of U.S. dollars    For the year ended December 31,  
     2007     2006     2005  

Tubes

   8,552.6    85 %   6,826.9    88 %   5,128.0    83 %

Projects

   876.3    9 %   453.5    6 %   790.0    13 %

Others

   613.1    6 %   447.3    6 %   291.8    5 %
                                 

Total

   10,042.0    100 %   7,727.7    100 %   6,209.8    100 %

Tubes

The following table indicates, for our Tubes business segment, net sales by geographic region:

 

     For the year ended December 31,  
Millions of U.S. dollars    2007     2006     2005  

Tubes

               

North America

   2,921.7    34 %   1,993.0    29 %   1,663.4    32 %

South America

   1,221.7    14 %   960.3    14 %   839.2    16 %

Europe

   1,661.4    19 %   1,315.1    19 %   1,024.5    20 %

Middle East and Africa

   2,057.6    24 %   1,895.7    28 %   933.4    18 %

Far East and Oceania

   690.2    8 %   662.8    10 %   667.4    13 %
                                 

Total Tubes

   8,552.6    100 %   6,826.9    100 %   5,128.0    100 %

North America

Sales to customers in North America accounted for 34% of our sales of tubular products and services in 2007, compared to 29% in 2006 and 32% in 2005.

 

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We have significant sales in each of Canada, the United States and Mexico. Since October 2006, when we acquired Maverick, a leading producer of ERW OCTG and line pipe products with operations in the U.S., Canada and Colombia, our overall sales in the U.S. and Canada have increased.

The use of ERW OCTG products in less complex applications, such as in shallow onshore wells, has become well established in the U.S. and Canada due to the standard product specifications required, the development of ERW technology and the marketing efforts of local ERW producers. ERW products are not, however, generally used in more complex applications.

Sales to our oil and gas customers in the U.S. and Canada are particularly sensitive to North American gas prices as the majority of drilling activity in these two countries is related to exploration and production of natural gas. These prices can be affected by issues such as available storage capacity and seasonal weather patterns. As compared to sales in other countries, our sales in the U.S. and Canada are more sensitive to the level of inventories held by distributors due to the role that distributors have traditionally played in the steel pipe markets of these two countries.

Our sales in Canada are mainly directed to the oil and gas drilling and transportation sectors. Oil and gas drilling in Canada is subject to strong seasonality with the peak drilling season in Western Canada being during the winter months when the ground is frozen. During the spring, as the ice melts, drilling activity is severely restricted by the difficulty of moving equipment in muddy terrain. During 2007, drilling activity declined significantly as gas producers reacted to a sharp fall in natural gas prices during the second half of 2006 and high Canadian drilling costs by cutting back their investments in gas drilling activities. In addition, the provincial government of Alberta introduced additional uncertainty among oil and gas operators in 2007 by reviewing and increasing royalties payable on oil and gas production.

Our sales to oil and gas customers in the United States have been affected by antidumping duties which were applied since 1995 in respect of the import of OCTG products produced by our main seamless pipe manufacturing subsidiaries. On May 31, 2007, the U.S. International Trade Commission voted to revoke these antidumping duties. For further information, see Item 8.A. “Financial Information – U.S. Seamless Steel Pipe Antidumping Duty Proceedings”. Since the acquisitions of Maverick and Hydril and the revocation of the antidumping duties on our OCTG products, we have integrated a full range of products for our customers and our sales of OCTG products in the United States have been increasing. Sales of line pipe products for deepwater oil and gas applications were not affected by the antidumping restrictions that previously affected the import of some of our seamless line pipe products from Mexico and Argentina and which have also recently been removed. Our sales to the industrial sector have not been affected by antidumping restrictions and are affected primarily by trends in industrial activity.

In Mexico, we have enjoyed a long and mutually beneficial relationship with Pemex, the state-owned oil company, one of the world’s largest crude oil and condensates producers. In 1994, we began supplying Pemex under just-in-time, or JIT, agreements, which allow us to provide it with comprehensive pipe management services on a continuous basis. These agreements provide for delivery of pipe to our customers on short notice, usually within 72 hours. Under JIT and stocking supply arrangements, we are kept informed of our customers’ drilling program and pipe requirements. In addition, we are permitted to bring our engineers to the customers’ drilling locations in order to maintain adequately supplied warehouse inventories.

In 2003, Pemex increased exploration and production activity and began to let out politically controversial multiple services contracts to operate some of its gas fields. In 2006, following two years of strong growth, oil and gas exploration and development in Mexico declined as Pemex experienced budgetary constraints just as the costs of drilling rose sharply in response to a strong worldwide upturn in demand for oil and gas drilling services. There was a partial recovery in drilling activity in 2007, but oil production declined as output from Mexico’s principal field declined significantly.

Sales to non-oil related customers in Mexico are made directly to those customers or through authorized distributors. The principal Mexican end users, other than Pemex, rely on our products primarily for automotive, thermal, mechanical, conduction and hydraulic uses. Sales to these non-oil customers are primarily affected by trends in North American industrial production activity.

 

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South America

Sales to customers in South America accounted for 14% of our sales of tubular products and services in 2007, compared to 14% in 2006 and 16% in 2005.

Our largest markets in South America are Argentina and Venezuela, countries in which we have manufacturing subsidiaries. Our sales in the Argentine and Venezuelan markets are sensitive to the international price of oil and its impact on the drilling activity of participants in the domestic oil and gas sectors, as well as to general economic conditions in these countries. In addition, sales in Argentina, as well as export sales from our manufacturing facilities in Argentina, are affected by governmental actions and policies, including measures adopted in 2002 in response to the crisis in Argentina, such as the taxation of oil and gas exports, measures affecting gas prices in the domestic market, restrictions on certain transfers of currency abroad, mandatory repatriation of certain export revenues and other matters affecting the investment climate. Sales in Venezuela are also affected by governmental actions and policies and their consequences, such as nationalization and other measures relating to the taxation and ownership of oil and gas production activities, general strikes, agreements to vary domestic production pursuant to quotas established by OPEC, and other matters affecting the investment climate. See Item 3.D. “Risk Factors – Risks Relating to our Business. Adverse economic or political conditions in the countries where we operate or sell our products and services may decrease our sales or disrupt our manufacturing operations, thereby adversely affecting our revenues, profitability and financial condition”.

A principal component of our marketing strategy in the Argentine and Venezuelan markets is the establishment of long-term supply agreements with significant local and international oil and gas companies operating in those markets.

In Argentina, we have enjoyed a sustained, close business relationship with Repsol YPF S.A., or Repsol YPF, an integrated oil and gas company engaged in all aspects of the oil and gas business. We have strengthened our relationship with Repsol YPF and other participants in the Argentine oil sector through JIT agreements, similar to our JIT agreement with Pemex.

In the past several years, demand from oil and gas customers in Argentina has remained steady but growth in supply has been affected by governmental actions including the application of additional taxes on the export of oil and gas and the freezing of domestic gas tariffs for consumers.

We also serve the demand for steel pipes for other applications in the Argentine market. Demand from this sector has increased in the past three years in response to increased economic activity, particularly in the agricultural sector and in import substitution.

In Venezuela, we have a significant share of the market for OCTG products. We enjoy ongoing business relationships with PDVSA and the joint venture operators in the oil and gas sector. Over the past few years there has been increased government intervention in the Venezuelan oil and gas industry. Following a general strike which ended in early 2004 many employees of PDVSA were dismissed. In 2006, laws were passed which obliged private sector participants in the oil and gas sector to surrender majority control of their oil and gas drilling concessions to PDVSA. In the past three years, drilling activity in Venezuela has remained stable but has not increased in line with global drilling activity. Our sales in Venezuela may be affected by the risks described in Item 3. D. “Risk Factors – Risks Relating to our Business. Adverse economic or political conditions in the countries where we operate or sell our products and services may decrease our sales or disrupt our manufacturing operations, thereby adversely affecting our revenues, profitability and financial condition”.

In addition, we have growing sales in Colombia, where, with the acquisition of Maverick, we incorporated a manufacturing facility and where drilling activity has been increasing. Sales in Colombia and in other countries in the region such as Ecuador and Peru are sensitive to the international price of oil and gas and its impact on the drilling activity of participants in the local oil and gas sectors, as well as to general economic conditions and governmental actions and policies in these countries.

 

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Europe

Sales to customers in Europe accounted for 19% of our sales of tubular products and services in 2007, compared to 19% in 2006 and 20% in 2005.

Our single largest country market in Europe is Italy. The market for steel pipes in Italy (as in most of the EU) is affected by general industrial production trends, especially in the mechanical and automotive industry, and by investment in power generation, petrochemical and oil refining facilities. Our customers in Europe include large engineering companies active in designing and constructing oil and gas processing facilities worldwide. The European market also includes the North Sea and Scandinavia area, which is affected by oil and gas prices in the international markets and their consequent impact on oil and gas drilling activities in that area.

Industrial production in Eastern European countries has been growing more rapidly in recent years than in Western European countries, as European manufacturers take advantage of lower costs in Eastern European countries to expand their production activities in those countries. With the acquisition of Silcotub in Romania in July 2004, we are improving our ability to serve customers in Eastern Europe as well as in areas such as the Caspian Sea, and the Commonwealth of Independent States, or the CIS.

Middle East and Africa

Sales to customers in the Middle East and Africa accounted for 24% of our sales of tubular products and services in 2007, compared to 28% in 2006 and 18% in 2005.

Our sales in the Middle East and Africa are sensitive to international prices of oil and gas and their impact on drilling activities as well as to the production policies pursued by OPEC, many of whose members are located in this region. In the past three years, drilling activity has increased significantly in this region as oil and gas producing countries in the region, led by Saudi Arabia, have been increasing investments in exploration and production with the objective of increasing oil production capacity and developing gas reserves to fuel regional gas-based industrial development and export gas in the form of liquefied natural gas, or LNG. In addition, international oil companies have been increasing investments in exploration and production in deepwater projects in offshore West Africa.

Our sales in the Middle East and Africa could be adversely affected by political and other events in the region, such as armed conflict, terrorist attacks and social unrest, that could materially impact the operations of companies active in the region’s oil and gas industry. Our sales in that region can also be affected by the levels of inventories held by the principal national oil companies in the region and their effect on purchasing requirements.

Far East and Oceania

Sales to customers in the Far East and Oceania accounted for 8% of our sales of tubular products and services in 2007, compared to 10% in 2006 and 13% in 2005.

Our largest markets in the Far East and Oceania are China and Japan. Our sales in China are concentrated on OCTG products used in Chinese oil and gas drilling activities, tubes used in boilers for power generation facilities and tubes used for the manufacturing of gas cylinders. Although apparent consumption of pipes in China has increased significantly during the past three years, most of this increase has been met by higher sales of pipes produced by local producers, who have been increasing their production capacity. Imports of high-value pipe products not manufactured by local producers have declined in the past two years.

In Japan, our subsidiary, NKKTubes, competes against other domestic producers. The market for steel pipe products in Japan is mostly industrial and depends on general factors affecting domestic investment, including production activity. In the past three years, demand has recovered due to improving economic conditions and strong demand of construction machinery export business for China. Nevertheless, our sales in Japan have declined as we switched production at our Japanese facility to more profitable export markets.

 

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Sales to other markets in the Far East and Oceania are affected by the level of oil and gas drilling activity in countries such as Indonesia and engineering activity particularly related to investment in petrochemical plants and oil refineries.

Projects

We are a leading regional supplier of welded pipes for gas pipeline construction in South America, where we have manufacturing facilities in Brazil and Argentina. We also supply welded steel pipes to regional mineral slurry pipeline projects for the mining industry and to selected gas pipeline construction projects worldwide. Demand and shipments for our welded steel pipes in this business segment is principally affected by investment in gas pipeline projects in Brazil, Argentina and the rest of South America. These investments can vary significantly from year to year and can be affected by political and financial conditions in the region. In 2006, shipments of our pipes for pipeline projects declined significantly from relatively high levels in the previous year as there were delays in the definition of large pipeline infrastructure projects in Brazil and Argentina but they recovered in 2007 as projects moved forward.

Others

Our other products and services include sucker rods used in oil extraction activities, welded steel pipes for electric conduits, industrial equipment of various specifications and for diverse applications, including liquid and gas storage equipment and sales of raw materials and energy that exceed our internal requirements, including HBI from our facility in Venezuela and steam from our power generation plant in Argentina.

Competition

The global market for steel pipe products is highly competitive. Seamless steel pipe products, which are used extensively in the oil and gas industry particularly for high pressure, high stress and other complex applications, are produced in specialized mills using round steel billets and specially produced ingots. Welded steel pipe products are produced in mills which process steel coils and plates into steel pipes. Steel companies that manufacture steel coils and other steel products but do not operate specialized seamless steel mills are generally not competitors in the market for seamless steel pipe products, although they often produce welded steel pipes or sell steel coils and plates used to produce welded steel pipe.

The production of steel pipe products following the stringent requirements of major oil and gas companies requires the development of specialized skills and significant investments in manufacturing facilities. By contrast, steel pipe products for standard applications can be produced in most seamless pipe mills worldwide and sometimes compete with welded pipe products for such applications including OCTG applications. Welded pipe, however, is not generally considered a satisfactory substitute for seamless steel pipe in high-pressure or high-stress applications.

Our principal competitors in steel pipe markets worldwide are described below.

 

 

Sumitomo Metal Industries Ltd. and JFE (the seamless pipe business of the former Kawasaki Steel) in the aggregate enjoy a significant share of the international market, having established strong positions in markets in the Far East and the Middle East. They are internationally recognized for the high quality of their products and for their supply of high-alloy grade pipe products. On September 27, 2002, Kawasaki Steel and NKK, our partner in NKKTubes, consummated a business combination and merger, through which they became subsidiaries of JFE. JFE continues to operate the former Kawasaki Steel’s seamless steel pipe business in competition with NKKTubes.

 

 

Vallourec, a Franco-German venture, has mills in Brazil, France, Germany and the United States. Vallourec has a strong presence in the European market for seamless pipes for industrial use and a significant market

 

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share in the international market with customers primarily in Europe, the United States, Brazil and the Middle East. Vallourec is an important competitor in the international OCTG market, particularly for high-value premium joint products. In 2008, Vallourec acquired three tubular businesses from Grant Prideco: Atlas Bradford® Premium Threading & Services, TCA® and Tube-Alloy. In addition, jointly with Sumitomo Vallourec is constructing an integrated seamless mill in Brazil which will be primarily dedicated to OCTG production. Tubos Reunidos S.A. of Spain and Voest Alpine AG of Austria each have a significant presence in the European market for seamless steel pipes for industrial applications, while the latter also has a relevant presence in the international OCTG market.

 

 

During the last two years, the tubes and pipes business in the U.S. and Canada has experienced a significant consolidation process. Following the acquisitions of Maverick and Hydril by Tenaris, US Steel Corporation acquired Lone Star Steel Technologies and SSAB has recently agreed to sell IPSCO’s Tubular division to Evraz Group S.A. and TMK, two Russian companies. U.S. pipe producers are largely focused on supplying the U.S. and Canadian markets, where they have their production facilities.

 

 

Producers from the CIS and China compete primarily in the “commodity” sector of the market and have been increasing their participation in markets worldwide for standard products. In recent years, TMK, a Russian company, has led consolidation of the Russian steel pipe industry and has expanded through acquisitions into Eastern Europe. Also in recent years, producers in China have increased production capacity and have increased their exports of steel pipe products.

 

 

ArcelorMittal has recently created a tubes division. In 2006, through the acquisition of Arcelor, Mittal acquired Dofasco tubular business, focused on the automotive segment in North America and in 2007 acquired a tubular business focused on automotive products from Vallourec. In 2008, ArcelorMittal acquired Unicon, a Venezuelan welded pipe producer focused on the oil and gas sector. ArcelorMittal also has announced projects to build a large diameter welded pipes plant in Nigeria and a seamless pipes mill in Saudi Arabia.

Producers of steel pipe products can maintain strong competitive positions in markets where they have their pipe manufacturing facilities due to logistical and other advantages that permit them to offer value-added services and maintain strong relationships with domestic customers, particularly in the oil and gas sectors. Our subsidiaries have established strong ties with major consumers of steel pipe products in their home markets, reinforced by JIT arrangements, as discussed above.

Capital Expenditure Program

During 2007, our capital expenditures, including investments at our plants and investments in information systems, amounted to $447.9 million, compared to $441.5 million in 2006 and $284.5 million in 2005. Investment at our plants amounted to $425.6 million in 2007, compared to $414.4 million in 2006 and $264.4 million in 2005. In 2007, we completed an investment program to expand our capacity to produce high value products, mainly increasing our capacity to produce heat-treated and high value-added proprietary premium joint products. The major highlights of our capital spending program during 2007 include:

 

 

construction of a power generation facility at our Dalmine facility in Italy, where operations commenced in May 2007;

 

 

construction of our premium connection threading and coupling facility in China, where operations commenced in November 2006;

 

 

construction of additional heat treatment facilities in our seamless pipe facilities in Mexico and Argentina;

 

 

installation of new testing machines and improvements to finishing and inspection facilities at our Campana facility in Argentina and at our seamless facility in Canada;

 

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construction of a new coupling shop and expansion of cold drawing facilities at our Veracruz facility in Mexico;

 

 

construction of a new training center in Dalmine;

 

 

conclusion of the components center and upgrade of process controls at our Romanian steel shop and rolling mill; and

 

 

consolidation of high-chromium production processes at NKKTubes.

Capital expenditures in 2008 are expected to be slightly below the level reached in 2007. Our investments will mainly aim at continuing to increase our proportion of high value products, improving quality and process controls, extending our product range, minimizing environmental impact and reducing costs. Major projects planned for 2008 include:

 

 

improvements in plant, processes and equipment, mainly over forming and inspection areas at the welded pipe facilities incorporated in our recent acquisitions;

 

 

completion of the new quality and R&D laboratories at our Dalmine facility in Italy;

 

 

de-bottlenecking and environmental projects at our steel shops in Italy and Romania;

 

 

capacity expansion at our cold drawing plant and construction of a new laboratory at our Zalau facility in Romania;

 

 

revamping of the finishing lines and expansion of our auto components facilities at our Veracruz facility in Mexico; and

 

 

completion of the corporate university campus at our Campana facility in Argentina.

In addition to capital expenditures at our plants, we have invested in information systems for the integration of our production, commercial and managerial activities. These investments are intended to promote the further integration of our operating facilities and enhance our ability to provide value-added services to customers worldwide. Investments in information systems totaled $22.2 million in 2007, compared to $26.1 million in 2006 and $19.3 million in 2005.

Raw Materials and Energy

The majority of our seamless steel pipe products are manufactured in integrated steel making operations using the electric arc furnace route, with the principal raw materials being steel scrap, DRI, including HBI, pig iron and ferroalloys. We process the majority of our DRI requirements at facilities in Argentina and Venezuela from iron ore using natural gas as a reductant. Our integrated steel making operations consume significant quantities of electric energy, a significant portion of which we generate in our own facilities. Our welded steel pipe products are processed from purchased steel coils and plates.

Steel scrap, pig iron and DRI

Steel scrap, pig iron and DRI for our integrated steelmaking operations are sourced from local and international sources. In Argentina, we produce our own DRI and source ferrous scrap domestically through a 75% owned scrap collecting and processing subsidiary. In Italy, we purchase pig iron and ferrous scrap as well as special metals for certain products from European and international markets. In Mexico, we import most of our pig iron and DRI requirements and purchase scrap from domestic and international markets. In Romania, we source ferrous scrap primarily from the domestic market.

 

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To secure an additional source of DRI for our steelmaking operations, we have invested in facilities in Ciudad Guayana, Venezuela, which reduce locally-supplied iron ore into HBI using natural gas as a reductant. Since 1998, we have had an off-take commitment to purchase 75,000 tons per year of HBI from Complejo Siderúrgico de Guayana C.A., or Comsigua, which can be terminated with one year’s notice. We hold a 6.9% equity interest in Comsigua. More recently, in July 2004, jointly with Sidor, a subsidiary of our affiliate Ternium, we formed Matesi, and acquired a Venezuelan iron reduction plant. We own 50.2% of Matesi and Sidor owns the remaining 49.8%. The facility, located in Ciudad Guayana, Venezuela, has an annual design capacity in excess of one million tons.

International prices for steel scrap, pig iron and DRI can vary substantially in accordance with supply and demand conditions in the international steel industry. Our costs for these materials increased during 2007 and have risen substantially higher since the beginning of 2008.

Ferroalloys

At each of our steel shops we coordinate our purchases of ferroalloys worldwide. The international costs of ferroalloys can vary substantially. Our costs of ferroalloys increased substantially in 2005, then declined slightly in 2006 and increased again in 2007, in line with international prices for these materials.

Iron ore

We consume iron ore, in the form of pellets and lump ore, for the production of DRI in Argentina and Venezuela. Our annual consumption of iron ore in Argentina ranges between 1,000,000 and 1,500,000 tons and is supplied from Brazil primarily by Companhia Vale do Rio Doce and Samarco Mineração S.A under long term contracts with annual price adjustment based on international benchmarks. Iron ore for the production of DRI in Venezuela is supplied by CVG Ferrominera Orinoco C.A., the Venezuelan state-owned iron ore mining company, under a long-term supply contract which establishes annual price adjustments in accordance with international prices. Our costs of iron ore have increased substantially over the past three years in line with international prices.

Round steel bars

We purchase round steel bars and ingots for use in our seamless steel pipe facilities in Japan, Venezuela and Canada. In Japan, we purchase these materials from JFE, our partner in NKKTubes, and in Venezuela, we purchase these materials from Sidor, a subsidiary of our affiliate Ternium. In both cases, these purchases are made under supply arrangements pursuant to which the purchase price varies in relation to changes in the costs of production. As a result of their location within a larger production complex operated by the supplier, our operations in Japan and Venezuela are substantially dependent on these contracts for the supply of raw materials and energy. JFE uses imported iron ore, coal and ferroalloys as principal raw materials for producing steel bars at Keihin and Sidor uses domestic iron ore and domestic and imported ferroalloys as its principal raw materials.

In Canada, we have a long-term agreement with QIT, a Canadian producer of titanium dioxide and high purity iron, under which QIT supplies up to 100,000 tons of round steel bars per year, at U.S. dollar prices which vary in accordance with variations in raw material costs. We use steel bars produced in our integrated facilities in Argentina and Mexico for the remainder of our round steel bar requirements.

Steel coils and plates

For the production of welded steel pipe products, we purchase steel coils and steel plates principally from domestic producers for processing into welded steel pipes. We have welded pipe operations in Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Colombia and the United States. For our welded pipe operations in the United States and Canada, a significant part of our requirements for steel coils are supplied under long-term contracts with prices set at market levels. Our principal suppliers include Nucor, which has a steel coil manufacturing facilities in Hickman, Arkansas, near to our principal welded pipe facility in the U.S., and Ipsco, which has steel coil manufacturing facilities in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada. To secure a supply of steel coils for our Hickman facility, we entered into a five year purchase contract with Nucor under which we have committed to purchase around 435,000 tons of steel coils per

 

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year with prices adjusted quarterly in accordance with market conditions starting in January 2007. Steel coil prices in the U.S. and Canada and elsewhere have increased sharply since the beginning of 2008. We purchase steel coils and plates for our welded pipe operations in Brazil and Argentina principally from Usiminas and Siderar S.A.I.C., or Siderar, a subsidiary of Ternium.

Energy

We consume substantial quantities of electric energy at our electric steel shops in Argentina, Italy, Mexico and Romania. In Argentina, we have owned sufficient generating capacity to supply the requirements of our steelmaking facility at Campana since we acquired a 160 MW electric power generating facility in 2003. In Italy, we began operations at a newly constructed 120 MW power generation in May 2007, which is designed to meet the electric power requirements of our steelmaking facility at Dalmine. Prior to this start up, our electric power and natural gas requirements in Italy were supplied by Dalmine Energie S.p.A, or DaEn, in which we sold a 75% participation to E.ON Sales and Trading GmbH, an indirect subsidiary of E.ON A.G. in December 2006 and the remaining 25% in November 2007. In Mexico, our electric power requirements are furnished by the Mexican government-owned Comisión Federal de Electricidad, or the Federal Electric Power Commission, and in Romania, we source power from the local market.

We consume substantial volumes of natural gas in Argentina, particularly in the generation of DRI and to operate our power generation facilities. Repsol YPF is our principal supplier of natural gas in Argentina. The balance of our natural gas requirements is supplied by several companies, including Tecpetrol S.A., or Tecpetrol, a subsidiary of San Faustin, which supplies us on terms and conditions that are equivalent to those with Repsol YPF and the other suppliers.

We have transportation capacity agreements with Transportadora de Gas del Norte S.A., or TGN, a company in which San Faustin holds significant but non-controlling interests, corresponding to capacity of 1,000,000 cubic meters per day until April 2017. When the enlargement of the trunk pipelines in Argentina is completed, we expect to obtain additional gas transportation capacity of 315,000 cubic meters per day until 2027. In order to meet our transportation requirements for natural gas above volumes contracted with TGN, we also have agreements with Gas Natural Ban S.A., or Gasban, for interruptible transportation capacity currently corresponding to approximately 970,000 cubic meters per day. The 315,000 cubic meters per day of assigned non-interruptible transportation capacity from TGN is expected to partially replace the capacity currently contracted with Gasban. During winter, if available, we also contract transportation capacity from other suppliers, when Gasban transportation is restricted. For the final transportation phase, we have a supply contract with Gasban that expires in May 2009. In addition to the normal amount of gas consumed at our Italian plants, we also consume substantial quantities of natural gas in connection with the operation of our new power generation facility in Italy which began operations in May 2007. Our natural gas requirements in Italy continue to be supplied by DaEn, even after its transfer to E.On. Natural gas for our HBI plant in Venezuela is supplied by the state-owned PDVSA Gas.

Our costs for electric energy and natural gas vary from country to country. These costs have increased over the past three years particularly for our Italian operations. We expect our energy costs in Argentina, which remain at relatively low levels, to continue to increase. The costs of natural gas for industrial use in Argentina increased significantly during the last three years driven by increased local demand as the local economy continues to recover and by governmental policies which subsidize residential consumption of natural gas at the expense of industrial users. During the last years, availability of natural gas has been impacted as demand continues to outpace supply. See Item 3. D. “Risk Factors related to our industry – Increases in the cost of raw materials and energy may hurt our profitability”.

Product Quality Standards

Our steel pipes are manufactured in accordance with the specifications of the American Petroleum Institute, or API, the American Society for Testing and Materials, or ASTM, the International Standardization Organization, or ISO, and the Japan Standard, or JIS. The products must also satisfy our proprietary standards as well as our customers’ requirements. We maintain an extensive quality assurance and control program to ensure that our products continue to satisfy proprietary and industry standards and are competitive from a product quality standpoint with products offered by our competitors.

 

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We currently maintain, for all our pipe manufacturing facilities, the Quality Management System Certification ISO 9001:2000 granted by Lloyd Register Quality Assurance-Italy, and the API Q1 Quality Certification granted by API-U.S., which are requirements for selling to the major oil and gas companies, which have rigorous quality standards. Our quality management system, based on the ISO 9001 and API Q1 specifications assures that products comply with customer requirements from the acquisition of raw material to the delivery of the final product, and are designed to ensure the reliability and improvement of both the product and the processes associated with the manufacturing operations.

All our mills involved in the manufacturing of material for the automotive market are certified according to the standard ISO/TS 16949 by Lloyd Register Quality Assurance-UK.

Research and Development

Research and development, or R&D, of new products and processes to meet the increasingly stringent requirements of our customers is an important aspect of our business and our spending on R&D has increased significantly over the past three years.

R&D activities are carried out primarily at our specialized research facilities located at our Campana plant in Argentina, a newly constructed facility at our Veracruz plant in Mexico, at the research facilities of the Centro Sviluppo Materiali S.p.A, or CSM, in Rome and at the product testing facilities of NKKTubes in Japan. We have an 8% interest in CSM, which was acquired in 1997. In addition, in 2007, we started the construction of a new research facitliy at our Dalmine plant, in Italy. We expect the facility to start up in the second half of 2008.

Product development and research currently being undertaken include:

 

 

proprietary premium joint products including Dopeless® technology;

 

 

heavy wall deep water line pipe and risers;

 

 

tubes and components for the car industry and mechanical applications;

 

 

tubes for boilers; and

 

 

welded pipes for oil and gas and other applications.

In addition to R&D aimed at new or improved products, we continuously study opportunities to optimize our manufacturing processes. Recent projects in this area include modeling of rolling and finishing process and the development of different process controls, with the goal of improving product quality and productivity at our facilities.

We spent $61.7 million for R&D in 2007, compared to $46.9 million in 2006 and $34.7 million in 2005.

Environmental Regulation

We are subject to a wide range of local, provincial and national laws, regulations, permits and decrees in the countries where we have manufacturing operations concerning, among other things, human health, discharges to the air and water and the handling and disposal of solid and hazardous wastes. Compliance with these environmental laws and regulations is a significant factor in our business.

 

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We have not been subject to any material penalty for any material environmental violation in the last five years, and we are not aware of any current material legal or administrative proceedings pending against us with respect to environmental matters which could have an adverse material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

Insurance

We carry property, accident, fire, third party liability (including employer’s, third-party and product liability) and certain other insurance coverage in line with industry practice. Our current general liability coverage includes third party, employers, sudden and accidental seepage and pollution and product liability, with caps of approximately $100 million. Our current property insurance program has indemnification caps up to $150 million for direct damage, depending on the value of the different plants. Additionally, we carry out business interruption coverage for certain parts of our business which is ancillary to the property and machinery breakdown coverage. The total combined limit for property damage and business interruption is $ 250 million. In some cases, insurers have the option to replace damaged or destroyed plant and equipment rather than to pay us the insured amount.

C. Organizational Structure and Subsidiaries

We conduct all our operations through subsidiaries. The following table shows the major operating subsidiaries of the Company and its direct and indirect ownership of each as of December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005.

 

               Percentage Ownership  

Company

  

Country of

Organization

  

Main Activity

   2007     2006     2005  
Algoma Tubes Inc.    Canada    Manufacture of seamless steel pipes    100 %   100 %   100 %
Confab Industrial S.A. (a)    Brazil    Manufacture of welded steel pipes and capital goods    39 %   39 %   39 %
Dalmine S.p.A    Italy    Manufacture of seamless steel pipes    99 %   99 %   99 %
Hydril Company    U.S.A.    Manufacture and marketing of premium connections    100 %   —       —    
Maverick Tube Corporation    U.S.A.    Manufacture of welded steel pipes    100 %   100 %   —    
NKKTubes K.K.    Japan    Manufacture of seamless steel pipes    51 %   51 %   51 %
Prudential Steel Ltd.    Canada    Manufacture of welded steel pipes    100 %   100 %   —    
S.C. Silcotub S.A.    Romania    Manufacture of seamless steel pipes    100 %   97 %   85 %
Siat S.A.    Argentina    Manufacture of welded steel pipes    82 %   82 %   82 %
Siderca S.A.I.C.    Argentina    Manufacture of seamless steel pipes    100 %   100 %   100 %
Tavsa, Tubos de Acero de Venezuela S.A.    Venezuela    Manufacture of seamless steel pipes    70 %   70 %   70 %
Tenaris Coiled Tubes LLC (and predecessors)    U.S.A.    Manufacture of coiled tubing    100 %   100 %   —    
Tenaris Financial Services S.A.    Uruguay    Financial services    100 %   100 %   100 %
Tenaris Global Services S.A.    Uruguay    Holding company and marketing of steel pipes    100 %   100 %   100 %
Tenaris Investments Ltd.    Ireland    Holding company and financial services    100 %   100 %   100 %
Tubos de Acero de México S.A    Mexico    Manufacture of seamless steel pipes    100 %   100 %   100 %
Tubos del Caribe Ltda.    Colombia    Manufacture of welded steel pipes    100 %   100 %   —    

 

(a) Tenaris holds 99% of the voting shares of Confab Industrial S.A.

 

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Other Investments

Ternium

We have a significant investment in Ternium, one of the leading steel producers of the Americas with production facilities in Argentina, Mexico and Venezuela. Ternium is a company that was formed by San Faustin in a reorganization of its flat and long steel interests. Ternium was listed on the New York Stock Exchange on February 1, 2006, following an initial public offering of ADSs. As of May 31, 2008, we held 11.5% of its outstanding shares.

We acquired our investment in Ternium through the exchange of our prior indirect investments in Sidor, a Venezuelan integrated steel producer, which became a subsidiary of Ternium under the corporate reorganization of the San Faustin’s interests in flat and long steel. That reorganization had involved San Faustin’s controlling participations in Sidor, Siderar, an Argentine integrated steel producer, and Hylsamex, S.A. de C.V., or Hylsamex, a Mexican steel producer.

The Company is a party to a shareholders’ agreement with I.I.I. CI, a wholly owned subsidiary of San Faustin, pursuant to which I.I.I. CI will take all actions in its power to cause one of the members of Ternium’s board of directors to be one nominated by the Company and any directors nominated by the Company only be removed pursuant to written instructions by the Company. The Company and I.I.I. CI also agreed to cause any vacancies on the board of directors to be filled with new directors nominated by either the Company or I.I.I. CI, as applicable. The shareholders’ agreement will remain in effect as long as each of the parties holds at least 5% of the shares of Ternium or until it is terminated by either the Company or I.I.I. CI pursuant to its terms. Carlos Condorelli, our former chief financial officer, was nominated as a director of Ternium pursuant to this agreement.

Ternium is the controlling shareholder of Sidor and, as explained in Item 5.G. “Recent Developments – Sidor nationalization process”, our investment in Ternium is currently subject to the results of the Sidor nationalization process.

Exiros

Exiros, with presence in the United States, Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Italy, Mexico and Romania, provides Tenaris’s subsidiaries with purchase agency services in connection with Tenaris’s purchases of raw materials and other products or services. Until October 2006, Exiros was a wholly-owned subsidiary of Tenaris. In October 2006, Ternium acquired a 50% interest in Exiros, while Tenaris retained the remaining 50%. Exiros’s objectives are to procure better purchase conditions and prices as a result of the combined demand of products and services by both companies’ demand, as well as to secure joint control over the purchase process.

D. Property Plants and Equipment

For a description of our property, plants and equipment please see Item 4. B. “Business Overview – Production Process and Facilities” and “Capital Expenditure Program”.

 

Item 4A. Unresolved Staff Comments.

None.

 

Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on, and should be read in conjunction with, our audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this annual report. This discussion and analysis presents our financial condition and results of operations on a consolidated basis. We prepare our consolidated financial statements in conformity with IFRS, as issued by the IASB. IFRS differ in certain significant respects from generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, commonly referred to as U.S. GAAP.

 

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Certain information contained in this discussion and analysis and presented elsewhere in this annual report, including information with respect to our plans and strategy for our business, includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. See “Cautionary Statement Concerning Forward-Looking Statements”. In evaluating this discussion and analysis, you should specifically consider the various risk factors identified in this annual report and others that could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in such forward-looking statements.

Overview

We are a leading global manufacturer and supplier of steel pipe products and related services for the energy industry and other industries.

We are a leading global manufacturer and supplier of steel pipe products and related services for the world’s energy industry as well as for other industrial applications. Our customers include most of the world’s leading oil and gas companies as well as engineering companies engaged in constructing oil and gas gathering and processing facilities. In the last fifteen years, we have expanded our business globally through a series of strategic investments, and, in the last two years, we have transformed our presence in the North American market and significantly expanded the range of products we can offer our customers through the acquisitions of Maverick, a leading North American producer of steel pipe products for the oil and gas industry with operations in the United States, Canada and Colombia, and Hydril, a leading North American manufacturer of premium connection products for the oil and gas industry. We now operate an integrated worldwide network of steel pipe manufacturing, research, finishing and service facilities with industrial operations in North and South America, Europe, Asia and Africa and a direct presence in most major oil and gas markets.

Our main source of revenue is the sale of products and services to the oil and gas industry, and the level of such sales is sensitive to international oil and gas prices and their impact on drilling activities.

Demand for our products and services from the global oil and gas industry, particularly for tubular products and services used in drilling operations, represents a substantial majority of our total sales. Our sales, therefore, depend on the condition of the oil and gas industry and our customers’ willingness to invest capital in oil and gas exploration and development as well as in associated downstream processing activities. The level of these expenditures is sensitive to oil and gas prices as well as the oil and gas industry’s view of such prices in the future. Over the past three years, persistently high oil and gas prices, combined with expectations that prices will remain high, have encouraged oil and gas companies to increase their spending and drilling activity to offset declining rates of production from mature fields and to explore and develop new reserves. Drilling activity has risen worldwide and is expected to continue to rise as production from large mature fields declines and the average size of new fields being discovered becomes smaller. In 2007, the annual average of the global count of active drilling rigs, published by Baker Hughes, rose 2% on a comparable basis compared to 2006 and was 33% higher on the same basis than in 2004. See Item 5.D. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects – Trend Information”.

A growing proportion of exploration and production spending by oil and gas companies is being directed at offshore, deep drilling and non-conventional drilling operations in which high-value tubular products, including special steel grades and premium connections, are usually specified. Technological advances in drilling techniques and materials are opening up new areas for exploration and development. As drilling conditions become more complex, demand for new and high value products and services is increasing in most areas of the world.

Our business is highly competitive.

The global market for steel pipes is highly competitive, with the primary competitive factors being price, quality, service and technology. We sell our products in a large number of countries worldwide and compete primarily against European and Japanese producers in most markets outside North America. In the United States and Canada we compete against a wide range of local and foreign producers. Competition in markets worldwide has been increasing, particularly for products used in standard applications, as producers in countries like China and Russia increase production capacity and enter export markets.

 

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Our production costs are sensitive to prices of steelmaking raw materials and other steel products.

We purchase substantial quantities of steelmaking raw materials, including ferrous steel scrap, direct reduced iron (DRI), pig iron, iron ore and ferroalloys, for use in our production of our seamless pipe products. In addition, we purchase substantial quantities of steel coils and plate for use in the production of our welded pipe products. Our production costs, therefore, are sensitive to prices of steelmaking raw materials and certain steel products, which reflect supply and demand factors in the global steel industry and in the countries where we have our manufacturing facilities. In recent years, the costs of steelmaking raw materials have increased significantly due to increased global demand for steel products in general. Likewise, the cost of purchasing steel coils and plate has also increased. In the year to date, these costs have risen more sharply and rapidly than in the past three years. In previous years, in times of strong market demand for our steel pipe products and services, we have been able to offset the impact of raw material cost increases through increases in average selling prices over time. However, we can give no assurance that this will continue to be the case and increases in steelmaking raw materials and steel coils and plate could affect our operating margins.

Critical Accounting Estimates

This discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our audited consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with IFRS, as issued by the IASB. IFRS differ in certain significant respects from generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, commonly referred to as U.S. GAAP.

The preparation of these financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with IFRS requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses. Management evaluates its accounting estimates and assumptions, including those related to: impairment of long-term investments and intangible assets; assets lives; obsolescence of inventory; doubtful accounts and loss contingencies, and revises them when appropriate. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. These estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Although management believes that our estimates and assumptions are reasonable, they are based upon information available at the time they are made. Actual results may differ significantly from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Our most critical accounting estimates are those that are most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations, and which require us to make our most difficult and subjective judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates of matters that are inherently uncertain. Our most critical accounting estimates and judgments are the following:

Accounting for business combinations

We use the purchase method to account for our business combinations. The cost of an acquired company is assigned to the identifiable tangible and intangible assets purchased and the liabilities assumed on the basis of their fair values at the date of acquisition. The determination of fair values of assets and liabilities acquired requires us to make estimates and use valuation techniques, including the use of independent valuators, when market value is not readily available. Any excess of purchase price over the fair value of the identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired is allocated to goodwill.

 

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Impairment and recoverability of goodwill and other assets

Assessment of the recoverability of the carrying value of goodwill and other assets require significant judgment. We evaluate goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite useful life allocated to the operating units for impairment on an annual basis. The carrying value of other assets is evaluated whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable.

Goodwill is tested at the level of the cash generating units, or CGU. Impairment testing of the CGU is carried out and the value in use determined in accordance with the discounted cash flow method. In order to perform the test, we use projections for the next 10 years based on past performance and expectations of market development. After the tenth year a perpetuity rate with no grow up increase was utilized. The discount rates used for these tests are based on our weighted average cost of capital adjusted for specific country and currency risks associated with the cash flow projections. Discount rates used range from 10% to 15%.

No impairment charge resulted from the impairment tests performed.

Although we believe our estimates and projections are appropriate based on currently available information, the actual operating performance of an asset or group of assets which has been tested for impairment may be significantly different from current expectations. In such an event, the carrying value of goodwill, investments in associates and deferred taxes may be required to be reduced from amounts currently recorded. Any such reductions may materially affect asset values and results of operations.

Reassessment of Plant and Equipment Asset Useful Lives

Fixed assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation, which is provided for by charges to income over the estimated useful lives of the assets using the straight-line method. Estimating useful lives for depreciation is particularly difficult as the service lives of assets are also impacted by maintenance and changes in technology, and our ability to adapt technological innovation to the existing asset base. In accordance with IAS No. 16, Property, Plant and Equipment, the residual value and the useful life of an asset must be reviewed at least at each financial year-end, and, if expectations differ from previous estimates, the change must be treated as a change in an accounting estimate. Management’s reassessment of asset useful lives did not materially affect depreciation expense for 2007. However, if management’s estimates prove incorrect, the carrying value of plant and equipment and its useful lives may be required to be reduced from amounts currently recorded. Any such reductions may materially affect asset values and results of operations.

Inventory Reserves: Allowance for Obsolescence of Supplies and Spare Parts and Slow-Moving Inventory

We write down our inventory for estimated obsolescence or unmarketable inventory equal to the difference between the cost of inventory and the estimated market value taking into consideration assumptions about future demand and market conditions. If actual market conditions are less favorable than those projected by management, additional inventory write-downs may be required.

In relation to finished goods, we make an allowance for slow-moving inventory based on management’s analysis of their ageing and market conditions. For this purpose, stocks of finished goods produced by us or purchased from third parties, more than one year prior to the reporting date, are valued at their estimated recoverable value.

In addition, we estimate the recoverability of inventories of supplies and spare parts, based in part on the following criteria:

 

   

analysis of the ageing of the supplies and spare parts; and

 

   

analysis of the potential of materials to be used as intended based on their state of condition and of their potential obsolescence due to technological changes in the mills.

Historically, losses due to obsolescence and scrapping of inventory have been within expectations and the allowances established. If, however, circumstances were to materially change, such as significant changes related to the technology used in the mills, management’s estimates of the recoverability of the value of aged inventories could be materially affected. In this case, our results of operations, financial condition and net worth could be materially and adversely affected.

 

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Allowances for Doubtful Accounts and Customer Claims

Management estimates the ultimate collectibility of accounts receivable. We maintain allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments. If the financial condition of our customers were to deteriorate, negatively impacting their ability to make payments, additional allowances may be required.

Trade account receivables are analyzed on a regular basis and when we become aware of a customer’s inability to meet its financial commitments to us, the value of the receivable is reduced through a charge to an allowance for doubtful accounts. In addition, we also record a charge to the allowance for doubtful accounts upon receipt of customer claims in connection with sales that management estimates are unlikely to be collected in full.

In addition, except for some minor subsidiaries, our allowance for doubtful accounts is adjusted periodically in accordance with the ageing of overdue accounts. For this purpose, trade accounts receivable overdue by more than 180 days, and which are not covered by a credit collateral, guarantee or similar surety, are fully provisioned.

Historically, losses from uncollectible accounts receivables have been within expectations and in line with the allowances established. If, however, circumstances were to materially change, such as higher than expected defaults or an unexpected material adverse change in a major customer’s ability to meet its financial obligation to us, management’s estimates of the recoverability of amounts due could be materially reduced. In this case, our results of operations, financial condition and net worth could be materially and adversely affected.

Loss Contingencies

We are subject to various claims, lawsuits and other legal proceedings, including customer claims, in which a third party is seeking payment for alleged damages, reimbursement for losses or indemnity. Our potential liability with respect to such claims, lawsuits and other legal proceedings cannot be estimated with certainty. Management with the assistance of legal counsel periodically reviews the status of each significant matter and assesses potential financial exposure. If a potential loss from a claim or proceeding is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated, a liability is recorded. Accruals for loss contingencies reflect a reasonable estimate of the losses to be incurred based on information available to management as of the date of preparation of the financial statements, and take into consideration our litigation and settlement strategies. These estimates are primarily constructed with the assistance of legal counsel. However, if management’s estimates prove incorrect, current reserves could be inadequate and we could incur a charge to earnings which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and net worth. As the scope of liabilities becomes better defined, there may be changes in the estimates of future costs which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial conditions and net worth.

 

A. Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report. Accordingly, this discussion and analysis present our financial condition and results of operations on a consolidated basis. See “Presentation of Certain Financial and Other Information – Accounting Principles – Tenaris” and AP A and B to our audited consolidated financial statements included in this annual report. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes included in this annual report.

 

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Thousands of U.S. dollars (except number of shares and per share amounts)    For the year ended December 31,  
     2007     2006     2005  

Selected consolidated income statement data(1)

      

IFRS

      

Continuing Operations

      

Net sales

   10,042,008     7,727,745     6,209,791  

Cost of sales

   (5,515,767 )   (3,884,226 )   (3,429,365 )
                  

Gross profit

   4,526,241     3,843,519     2,780,426  

Selling, general and administrative expenses

   (1,573,949 )   (1,054,806 )   (832,315 )

Other operating income (expenses), net

   4,933     3,773     (2,199 )
                  

Operating income

   2,957,225     2,792,486     1,945,912  

Interest income

   93,392     60,798     23,815  

Interest expense

   (275,648 )   (92,576 )   (52,629 )

Other financial results

   (22,754 )   26,826     (79,772 )
                  

Income before equity in earnings of associated companies and income tax

   2,752,215     2,787,534     1,837,326  

Equity in earnings of associated companies

   113,276     94,667     117,377  
                  

Income before income tax

   2,865,491     2,882,201     1,954,703  

Income tax

   (823,924 )   (869,977 )   (567,368 )
                  

Income for continuing operations (2)

   2,041,567     2,012,224     1,387,335  

Discontinued Operations

      

Income (loss) for discontinued operations

   34,492     47,180     (3 )
                  

Income for the year (2)

   2,076,059     2,059,404     1,387,332  

Income attributable to (2):

      

Equity holders of the Company

   1,923,748     1,945,314     1,277,547  

Minority interest

   152,311     114,090     109,785  
                  

Income for the year(2)

   2,076,059     2,059,404     1,387,332  
                  

Depreciation and amortization

   (514,820 )   (255,004 )   (214,227 )

Weighted average number of shares outstanding

   1,180,536,830     1,180,536,830     1,180,536,830  

Basic and diluted earnings per share for continuing operations

   1.60     1.61     1.08  

Basic and diluted earnings per share

   1.63     1.65     1.08  

Dividends per share(3)

   0.38     0.30     0.30  

 

(1) Certain comparative amounts for 2005 have been re-presented to conform to changes in presentation in 2006 and 2007, mainly due to the sale of a majority ownership in Dalmine Energie. See note 29 “Current and non current assets held for sale and discontinued operations” to our audited consolidated financial statements included in this annual report.
(2) International Accounting Standard No. 1 (“IAS 1”) (revised), requires that income for the year as shown on the income statement not exclude minority interest. Earnings per share, however, continue to be calculated on the basis of income attributable solely to the equity holders of the Company.
(3) Dividends per share correspond to the dividends proposed or paid in respect of the year.

 

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Thousands of U.S. dollars (except number of shares and per share amounts)    At December 31,
     2007    2006

Selected consolidated balance sheet data

     

IFRS

     

Current assets

   (1) 6,514,043    6,028,832

Property, plant and equipment, net

   3,269,007    2,939,241

Other non-current assets

   5,461,537    3,627,169
         

Total assets

   15,244,587    12,595,242
         

Current liabilities

   (1)3,328,066    2,765,504

Non-current borrowings

   2,869,466    2,857,046

Deferred tax liabilities

   1,233,836    991,945

Other non-current liabilities

   283,369    279,117
         

Total liabilities

   7,714,737    6,893,612

Capital and reserves attributable to the Company’s equity holders

   7,006,277    5,338,619

Minority interest

   523,573    363,011
         

Total liabilities and equity

   15,244,587    12,595,242
         

Number of shares outstanding

   1,180,536,830    1,180,536,830

 

(1) In 2007, current assets include current and non current assets held for sale ($651.2 million), related to the divestment of Hydril’s pressure control business and current liabilities include liabilities associated with such assets ($267.0 million).

 

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The following table sets forth our operating and other costs and expenses as a percentage of net sales for the periods indicated.

 

Percentage of net sales    For the year ended
December 31,
 
     2007     2006     2005  
Continuing Operations       

Net sales

   100.0     100.0     100.0  

Cost of sales

   (54.9 )   (50.3 )   (55.2 )
                  

Gross profit

   45.1     49.7     44.8  

Selling, general and administrative expenses

   (15.7 )   (13.6 )   (13.4 )

Other operating income (expenses), net

   0.0     0.0     (0.0 )
                  

Operating income

   29.4     36.1     31.3  

Interest income

   0.9     0.8     0.4  

Interest expense

   (2.7 )   (1.2 )   (0.8 )

Other financial results

   (0.2 )   0.3     (1.3 )
                  

Income before equity in earnings of associated companies and income tax

   27.4     36.1     29.6  

Equity in earnings of associated companies

   1.1     1.2     1.9  
                  

Income before income tax

   28.5     37.3     31.5  

Income tax

   (8.2 )   (11.3 )   (9.1 )
                  

Income for continuing operations

   20.3     26.0     22.3  
Discontinued Operations       

Income (loss) for discontinued operations

   0.3     0.6     (0.0 )
                  

Income for the year

   20.7     26.6     22.3  
                  

Income attributable to:

      

Equity holders of the Company

   19.2     25.2     20.6  

Minority interest

   1.5     1.5     1.8  

Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2007, Compared to Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2006

Net Sales, Cost of Sales and Operating Income

The following table shows our net sales by business segment for the periods indicated below:

 

Millions of U.S. dollars    For the year ended December 31,     Increase /  
     2007     2006     (Decrease)  

Tubes

   8,552.6    85 %   6,826.9    88 %   25 %

Projects

   876.3    9 %   453.5    6 %   93 %

Others

   613.1    6 %   447.3    6 %   37 %
                            

Total

   10,042.0    100 %   7,727.7    100 %   30 %

 

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The following table indicates our sales volume of seamless and welded pipes by business segment for the periods indicated below:

 

Thousands of tons    For the year ended December 31,    Increase /  
     2007    2006    (Decrease)  

Tubes – Seamless

   2,870    2,919    (2 )%

Tubes – Welded

   965    297    225 %
                

Tubes – Total

   3,835    3,216    19 %

Projects – Welded

   474    281    69 %
                

Total – Tubes + Projects

   4,309    3,497    23 %

Tubes

The following table indicates, for our Tubes business segment, net sales by geographic region, cost of sales as a percentage of net sales, operating income and operating income as a percentage of net sales for the periods indicated below:

 

Millions of U.S. dollars    For the year ended December 31,     Increase /  
     2007     2006     (Decrease)  

Net sales

      

- North America

   2,921.7     1,993.0     47 %

- South America

   1,221.7     960.3     27 %

- Europe

   1,661.4     1,315.1     26 %

- Middle East & Africa

   2,057.6     1,895.7     9 %

- Far East & Oceania

   690.2     662.8     4 %
                  

Total net sales

   8,552.6     6,826.9     25 %

Cost of sales (% of sales)

   52 %   47 %  

Operating income

   2,713.9     2,670.5     2 %

Operating income (% of sales)

   32 %   39 %  

Net sales of tubular products and services rose 25% to $8,552.6 million in 2007, compared to $6,826.9 million in 2006, due to a higher volume of welded pipe sales, resulting from the incorporation of the former Maverick operations acquired in October 2006, and a higher average selling price for our seamless pipes reflecting an enhanced product mix and increased demand for our specialized, high-end seamless pipe products used in the world’s more complex drilling operations and other demanding applications. In North America, sales increased principally due to the incorporation of sales from the former Maverick and Hydril premium connection operations but, excluding such effects, there was a substantial decline in sales in Canada reflecting the decline in drilling activity and consequent inventory adjustments. In South America, sales increased due primarily to higher sales of OCTG products in Venezuela as PDVSA began to replenish inventories, and increased sales in Colombia. In Europe, sales increased, with higher average selling prices and volumes, reflecting higher sales to European-based process and power plant contractors, a more specialized mix of products sold to industrial and automotive customers, increased sales of OCTG products in continental Europe and the appreciation of the Euro with respect to the U.S. dollar. In the Middle East and Africa, higher average selling prices more than offset lower volumes which were affected by lower sales of API OCTG products and inventory adjustments. In the Far East and Oceania, sales remained stable with higher sales in South-East Asia and South Korea offsetting lower sales in China.

Cost of sales of tubular products and services, expressed as a percentage of net sales, rose from 47% in 2006 to 52% in 2007, due primarily to higher sales of lower margin ERW products following the acquisition of Maverick in October 2006.

Operating income from tubular products and services rose 2% to $2,713.9 million in 2007, from $2,670.5 million in 2006, as the increase in sales was substantially offset by a reduction in the gross margin and higher expenses for the amortization of intangible assets.

 

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Projects

The following table indicates, for our Projects business segment, net sales, cost of sales as a percentage of net sales, operating income and operating income as a percentage of net sales for the periods indicated below:

 

Millions of U.S. dollars    For the year ended December 31,     Increase /  
     2007     2006     (Decrease)  

Net sales

   876.3     453.5     93 %

Cost of sales (% of sales)

   71 %   72 %  

Operating income

   184.8     56.3     228 %

Operating income (% of sales)

   21 %   12 %  

Net sales of pipes for pipeline projects rose 93% to $876.3 million in 2007, compared to $453.5 million in 2006, due to higher shipments and average selling prices. Regional demand for pipes for pipeline projects in South America improved substantially in 2007 as large gas pipeline projects in Brazil and Argentina that had been delayed in 2006 went ahead and orders were received for mineral slurry and additional gas pipeline projects in Brazil.

Operating income from pipes for pipeline projects rose 228% to $184.8 million in 2007, from $56.3 million in 2006, due to the increase in net sales and an increase in the operating margin reflecting a higher proportion of sales in Brazil where sales from our Brazilian mill have low logistics costs. Operating income in this segment in 2007 included other operating income of $16.4 million in respect of the sale of surplus office space.

Others

The following table indicates, for our Others business segment, net sales, cost of sales as a percentage of net sales, operating income and operating income as a percentage of net sales for the periods indicated below:

 

Millions of U.S. dollars    For the year ended December 31,     Increase /  
     2007     2006     (Decrease)  

Net sales

   613.1     447.3     37 %

Cost of sales (% of sales)

   76 %   72 %  

Operating income

   58.5     65.6     (11 )%

Operating income (% of sales)

   10 %   15 %  

Net sales of other products and services rose 37% to $613.1 million in 2007, compared to $447.3 million in 2006, as sales from electric conduit pipe operations acquired in October 2006 were included for a full year. Sales of metallic structures also increased but sales of excess raw materials and sucker rods declined.

Operating income from other products and services declined to $58.5 million in 2007, from $65.6 million in 2006, due to increased sales of electric conduit pipes following the acquisition of Maverick in October 2006 and start-up problems affecting the operation of the acquired facilities, as well as lower margins on sales of excess raw materials.

Selling, general and administrative expenses, or SG&A, increased as a percentage of net sales to 15.7% in 2007 compared to 13.6% in 2006 due mainly to increased charges for amortization of intangible assets relating principally to assets acquired in the Maverick and Hydril acquisitions. These amortization charges amounted to $236.0 million in 2007, or 2.4% of net sales, compared to $54.8 million, or 0.7% of net sales, in 2006.

Other operating income and expenses resulted in net income of $4.9 million in 2007, compared to net income of $3.8 million in 2006. The 2007 result included income of $16.4 million in relation to the sale of surplus office space in Brazil and an expense of $10.3 million relating to the settlement of redemptions on Maverick’s 2005 Notes.

 

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Net interest expenses totalled $182.3 million in 2007, compared to net interest expenses of $31.8 million in 2006. The increase in net interest expenses reflects the increase in the average net debt position during 2007 compared to 2006, relating to debt contracted for the Maverick and Hydril acquisitions.

Other financial results contributed a loss of $22.8 million in 2007, compared to a gain of $26.8 million during 2006. These results largely reflect gains and losses on net foreign exchange transactions and the fair value of derivative instruments and are to a large extent offset by changes to our net equity position. They arise due to the fact that most of our subsidiaries prepare their financial statements in currencies other than the US dollar in accordance with IFRS.

Equity in earnings of associated companies generated a gain of $113.3 million in 2007, compared to a gain of $94.7 million in 2006. These gains were derived mainly from our equity investment in Ternium but, in 2007, also included a gain of $18.4 million recorded on the sale of our remaining 25% participation in Dalmine Energie.

Income tax charges of $823.9 million were recorded during 2007, equivalent to 30% of income before equity in earnings of associated companies and income tax, compared to income tax charges of $870.0 million, equivalent to 31% of income before equity in earnings of associated companies and income tax, during 2006. The result in 2007 included net non-recurring tax losses of $47.3 million.

Income from discontinued operations amounted to $34.5 million, compared to $47.2 million in 2006. The 2007 income corresponds to the Hydril pressure control business, which was classified as a discontinued operation following the conclusion of an agreement to sell this business on January 28, 2008. The 2006 income corresponds to our former Dalmine Energie energy supply subsidiary, in which we sold a majority participation in December 2006.

Net income rose marginally to $2,076.1 million in 2007, compared to $2,059.4 million in 2006, as an increase in operating income was largely offset by an increase in net interest expenses.

Income attributable to equity holders was $1,923.7 million, or $1.63 per share ($3.26 per ADS), in 2007, compared to $1,945.3 million, or $1.65 per share ($3.30 per ADS) in 2006.

Income attributable to minority interest was $152.3 million in 2007, compared to $114.1 million in 2006. The increase was due primarily to higher income attributable to minority interest at our Confab subsidiary.

Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2006, Compared to Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2005

Net Sales, Cost of Sales and Operating Income

The following table shows our net sales by business segment for the periods indicated below:

 

Millions of U.S. dollars    For the year ended December 31,     Increase /  
     2006     2005     (Decrease)  

Tubes

   6,826.9    88 %   5,128.0    83 %   33 %

Projects

   453.5    6 %   790.0    13 %   (43 )%

Others

   447.3    6 %   291.8    5 %   52 %
                            

Total

   7,727.7    100 %   6,209.8    100 %   24 %

 

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The following table indicates our sales volume of seamless and welded pipes by business segment for the periods indicated below:

 

Thousands of tons    For the year ended December 31,    Increase /  
     2006    2005    (Decrease)  

Tubes – Seamless

   2,919    2,870    2 %

Tubes – Welded

   297    —     
                

Tubes – Total

   3,216    2,870    12 %

Projects – Welded

   281    501    (44 )%
                

Total – Tubes + Projects

   3,497    3,371    4 %

Tubes

The following table indicates, for our Tubes business segment, net sales by geographic region, cost of sales as a percentage of net sales, operating income and operating income as a percentage of net sales for the periods indicated below:

 

Millions of U.S. dollars    For the year ended December 31,     Increase /  
     2006     2005     (Decrease)  

Net sales

      

- North America

   1,993.0     1,663.4     20 %

- South America

   960.3     839.2     14 %

- Europe

   1,315.1     1,024.5     28 %

- Middle East & Africa

   1,895.7     933.4     103 %

- Far East & Oceania

   662.8     667.4     (1 )%
                  

Total net sales

   6,826.9     5,128.0     33 %

Cost of sales (% of sales)

   47 %   53 %  

Operating income

   2,670.5     1,701.7     57 %

Operating income (% of sales)

   39 %   33 %  

Net sales of tubular products and services rose 33% to $6,826.9 million in 2006, compared to $5,128.0 million in 2005, due primarily to an increase in the average selling price of our tubular products and services and the incorporation of sales from the former Maverick energy products division in the fourth quarter of 2006. Sales increased in the Middle East and Africa as there was strong demand for our specialized OCTG products and services, particularly in Saudi Arabia but more generally throughout the region, where there has been a sustained increase in investment in oil and gas drilling activity. In North America, excluding sales from the former Maverick operations, sales declined primarily due to lower demand for our OCTG products and services in Mexico, where drilling activity was impacted by oilfield cost inflation and budgetary constraints of the Mexican state-oil company Pemex, as well as lower sales of line pipe products for process and power plant construction to engineering companies in the U.S. and Canada. In South America, an increase in average selling prices offset a decline in sales of OCTG products in Venezuela as PDVSA reduced its stock of tubular inventories during the year. In Europe, there was an increase in sales of line pipe products to European-based process and power plant contractors and of OCTG products and services for the North Sea and a reduction in sales of tubes to industrial and automotive customers. In the Far East and Oceania, although the average selling price of our products increased, sales volumes of line pipe products to process and power plant customers in China and throughout the region declined, as did sales of industrial products in Japan and OCTG products throughout the region.

 

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Cost of sales of tubular products and services, expressed as a percentage of net sales, decreased from 53% in 2005 to 47% in 2006, due to higher average selling prices reflecting a more favorable product and market mix following product repositioning efforts and higher market prices.

Operating income from tubular products and services rose 57% to $2,670.5 million in 2006, from $1,701.7 million in 2005, reflecting the increase in sales and an increase in the gross margin.

Projects

The following table indicates, for our Projects business segment, net sales, cost of sales as a percentage of net sales, operating income and operating income as a percentage of net sales for the periods indicated below:

 

Millions of U.S. dollars    For the year ended December 31,     Increase /  
     2006     2005     (Decrease)  

Net sales

   453.5     790.0     (43 )%

Cost of sales (% of sales)

   72 %   66 %  

Operating income

   56.3     179.6     (69 )%

Operating income (% of sales)

   12 %   23 %  

Net sales of pipes for pipeline projects declined 43% to $453.5 million in 2006, compared to $790.0 million in 2005, due to lower sales volumes. Regional demand for pipes for pipeline projects in South America was strong in 2005 due to a significant number of projects in Brazil. In 2006, demand in the region was affected as large pipeline projects planned in Brazil and Argentina were delayed. Sales to projects outside South America increased with sales made to pipeline projects in North America and Africa.

Operating income from pipes for pipeline projects decreased 69% to $56.3 million in 2006, from $179.6 million in 2005, due primarily to the decrease in shipments, higher logistics costs and higher administrative costs expressed as a percentage of net sales.

Others

The following table indicates, for our Others business segment, net sales, cost of sales as a percentage of net sales, operating income and operating income as a percentage of net sales for the periods indicated below:

 

Millions of U.S. dollars    For the year ended December 31,     Increase /  
     2006     2005     (Decrease)  

Net sales

   447.3     291.8     53 %

Cost of sales (% of sales)

   72 %   63 %  

Operating income

   65.6     64.6     1 %

Operating income (% of sales)

   15 %   22 %  

Net sales of other products and services rose 53% to $447.3 million in 2006, compared to $291.8 million in 2005, as sales of the principal product categories (HBI, sucker rods, metallic structures) included in this segment all increased and the sales of conduit pipes from the former Maverick electrical products division were included from the fourth quarter.

Operating income from other products and services rose 1% to $65.6 million in 2006, from $64.6 million in 2005, due to higher sales. The operating margin decreased due primarily to a reduction in margins on sales of hot briquetted iron. These sales represented around 40% of total sales in this segment in 2006.

 

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SG&A expenses increased marginally as a percentage of net sales to 13.6% in 2006 compared to 13.4% in 2005. Total SG&A rose to $1,054.8 million in 2006, from $832.3 million in 2005, due to higher labor costs, higher commission, freight and other selling expenses (reflecting higher sales) and increased charges for amortization of intangible assets relating principally to assets acquired in connection with the Maverick acquisition.

Net interest expenses totaled $31.8 million in 2006, compared to net interest expenses of $28.8 million in 2005. Net interest expenses increased substantially in the fourth quarter of 2006 reflecting the change in net debt position following the acquisition of Maverick.

Other financial results contributed a gain of $26.8 million in 2006, compared to a loss of $79.8 million during 2005. These results largely reflect gains and losses on net foreign exchange transactions and the fair value of derivative instruments and are to a large extent offset by changes to our net equity position. They arise due to the fact that most of our subsidiaries prepare their financial statements in currencies other than the US dollar in accordance with IFRS.

Equity in earnings of associated companies generated a gain of $94.7 million in 2006, compared to a gain of $117.4 million in 2005. These gains were derived mainly from our equity investment in Ternium and our former indirect equity investment in Sidor, prior to its exchange for an investment in Ternium in September 2005.

Income tax charges of $870.0 million were recorded during 2006, equivalent to 31% of income before equity in earnings of associated companies and income tax, compared to income tax charges of $567.4 million, equivalent to 31% of income before equity in earnings of associated companies and income tax, during 2005.

Income from discontinued operations amounted to $47.2 million in 2006, compared to a breakeven result in 2005. A gain of $40.0 million was recorded on the sale of a 75% participation in DaEn.

Income for the year rose 48% to $2,059.4 million, or 27% of net sales, in 2006, compared to $1,387.3 million, or 22% of net sales, in 2005 reflecting an increase in operating income and an improvement in other financial results, which was partially offset by a proportionate increase in income tax charges.

Income attributable to equity holders in the Company was $1,945.3 million in 2006, compared to $1,277.5 million in 2005.

Income attributable to minority interest was $114.1 million in 2006, compared to $109.8 million in 2005. Higher income attributable to minority interest at our NKKTubes subsidiary more than offset a decline in income attributable to minority interest at our Confab subsidiary.

 

B. Liquidity and Capital Resources

The following table provides certain information related to our cash generation and changes in our cash and cash equivalents position for each of the last three years:

Millions of U.S. dollars

 

     For the year ended December 31,  
     2007     2006     2005  

Net cash provided by operating activities

   2,020.6     1,810.9     1,295.3  

Net cash used in investing activities

   (2,287.1 )   (2,822.0 )   (292.8 )

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities

   (196.7 )   1,700.7     (604.1 )
                  

(Decrease) Increase in cash and cash equivalents

   (463.2 )   689.5     398.4  

Effect of exchange rate changes

   52.5     (5.1 )   (11.6 )

Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of year

   1,365.0     680.6     293.8  
                  

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of year

   954.3     1,365.0     680.6  
                  

Our financing strategy is to maintain adequate financial resources and access to additional liquidity. During 2007, we have counted on cash flows from operations as well as additional bank financing to fund our transactions including the acquisition of Hydril. Short-term bank borrowings were used as needed throughout the year.

 

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We believe that funds from operations, availability of liquid financial assets and our access to external borrowing through the financial markets will be sufficient to satisfy our working capital needs and to service our debt in the foreseeable future. We also believe that our liquidity and capital resources give us adequate flexibility to manage our planned capital spending programs, to service our debt and to address short-term changes in business conditions.

We have a conservative approach to the management of our liquidity, which consist of cash and cash equivalents, comprising cash in banks, short-term money market funds and highly liquid short-term securities with a maturity of less than 90 days at the date of purchase. Assets recorded in cash and cash equivalents are carried at fair market value, or at historical cost which approximates fair market value. We used these funds to finance our working capital and capital expenditure requirements, to make acquisitions and to distribute dividends to our shareholders.

We hold primarily money market investments and variable or fixed-rate securities from investment grade issuers. We concentrate our cash in major financial centers (mainly New York and London). We hold our cash and cash equivalents primarily in U.S. dollars. As of December 31, 2007 U.S. dollar denominated liquid assets represented around 70% of total liquid financial assets. Liquid financial assets as a whole (excluding current investments) were 6.3% of total assets compared to 10.9% at the end of 2006.

Cash and cash equivalents (excluding bank overdraft) decreased from $1,372.3 million at December 31, 2006, to $962.5 million at December 31, 2007. In addition, we had other current investments of $87.5 million. As of December 31, 2006, other current investments amounted to $183.6 million.

Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2007, Compared to Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2006

Operating activities

Net cash provided by operations during 2007 rose to $2,020.6 million compared to $1,810.9 million in 2006 primarily reflecting an increase in operating income to $2,957.2 million in 2007 from $2,792.5 million in 2006. Working capital increased by $110.4 million in 2007 compared to a $469.5 million increase in 2006. The increase in working capital comprised mainly:

 

   

an increase in inventories of $252.8 million, reflecting primarily an increase in business activity and input costs;

 

   

an increase in trade receivables of $115.8 million, mainly due to higher sales; partially offset by

 

   

an increase in customer advances and other liabilities of $113.5 million, and $127.4 million respectively.

Investing activities

Net cash used in investing activities in 2007 was $2,287.1 million, compared to $2,822.0 million in 2006. The main differences were as follows:

 

   

in 2007, we spent approximately $2.0 billion to acquire Hydril, while in 2006 we spent approximately $2.4 billion in acquisitions, mainly related to the acquisition of Maverick;

 

   

capital expenditures for 2007 amounted $447.9 million, a similar amount to the $441.5 million spent in 2006. For more information on our capital expenditures, see Item 4.B. Business Overview – “Capital Expenditure Program”; and

 

   

in 2007, we reduced our investments in short-term securities as a result of dispositions in an aggregate amount of $96.1 million, while in 2006 we increased our investments in short-term securities in an aggregate amount of $63.7 million.

 

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Financing activities

Net cash used in financing activities, including dividends paid and proceeds and repayments of borrowings, was $196.7 million in 2007, compared to net cash provided by financing activities in 2006 of $1,700.7 million.

Dividends paid, including dividends paid to minority interests in subsidiaries, amounted to $567.9 million in 2007, of which $354 million were paid to equity holders in respect of the 2006 fiscal year and $153 million were paid to equity holders in November 2007 as an interim dividend in respect of the dividend for the 2007 fiscal year. This compares to $227.4 million paid in 2006, of which $204.2 million were paid in respect of the 2005 fiscal year in addition to an interim dividend paid in November 2005.

Net proceeds from borrowings (proceeds less repayments) totaled $371.2 million in 2007 compared to net proceeds from borrowings of $1,928.1 million in 2006 used to finance the Maverick acquisition.

Our total liabilities to total assets ratio decreased to 0.51:1 as of December 31, 2007, compared to 0.55:1 as of December 31, 2006.

Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2006, Compared to Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2005

Operating activities

Net cash provided by operations during 2006 rose to $1,810.9 million compared to $1,295.3 million in 2005 primarily reflecting an increase in operating income to $2,792.5 million in 2006 from $1,945.9 million in 2005. Working capital increased by $469.5 million in 2006 compared to a $433.9 million increase in 2005. The working capital increase was comprised mainly of:

 

   

an increase in inventories of $455.6 million, reflecting primarily an increase in business activity and an increase in the cost of inventories; and

 

   

an increase in trade receivables of $226.7 million, reflecting higher quarterly net sales, partially offset by an increase in trade payables of $150.6 million.

Investing activities

Net cash used in investing activities in 2006 was $2,822.0 million, compared to $292.8 million in 2005. The main differences were as follows:

 

   

Capital expenditure increased to $441.5 million in 2006 compared to $284.5 million in 2005 as we advanced with our investment program to increase our capabilities to produce specialized products by expanding heat treatment capacity and premium threading and other finishing facilities, and we reached the final stage of the construction of a power generation plant in Italy.

 

   

We spent $2,387.2 million in acquisitions in 2006; of which $2,346.6 million correspond to the acquisition of Maverick (total disbursement including net debt amounted to $3,160.4). We also acquired in January 2006, certain welded pipe assets and facilities from Acindar, in Argentina, for $29.3 million. During the year, additional shares of Silcotub and Dalmine were acquired from minority shareholders for approximately $11.2 million. Total funds spent for acquisitions during 2005 amounted to $48.3 million.

 

   

On December 1, 2006, we sold a 75% participation in DaEn for $58.9 million.

Financing activities

Net cash provided by financing activities, including dividends paid and proceeds and repayments of borrowings, was $1,700.7 million in 2006, compared to net cash used in financing activities in 2005 of $604.1 million. Net proceeds from borrowings (proceeds less repayments) totaled $1,928.1 million in 2006 compared to net repayments of $240.4 million in 2005. Dividends paid, including dividends paid to minority interests in subsidiaries, amounted to $227.4 million in 2006 compared to $363.8 million in 2005.

 

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Our total liabilities to total assets ratio increased to 0.55:1 as of December 31, 2006, compared to 0.44:1 as of December 31, 2005.

Principal Sources of Funding

Financial liabilities

Total financial debt increased by $369.0 million to $4,020.2 million at December 31, 2007 from $3,651.2 million at December 31, 2006.

Our financial liabilities consist mainly of bank loans. As of December 31, 2007 U.S. dollar-denominated financial liabilities and Euro-denominated financial liabilities represented 90.8% and 6.5%, respectively, of total financial liabilities. For further information about our financial liabilities, please see note 20 “Borrowings” to our consolidated financial statements included in this annual report.

The following table shows the composition of our financial liabilities at December 31, 2007 and 2006:

 

Thousands of U.S. dollars    2007    2006

Bank borrowings

   3,953,696    3,503,573

Bank overdrafts

   8,194    7,300

Other loans

   56,592    134,421

Finance lease liabilities

   1,763    5,949
         

Total borrowings

   4,020,245    3,651,243

The weighted average interest rates before tax shown below were calculated using the rates set for each instrument in its corresponding currency as of December 31, 2007 and 2006. The changes in interest rate are basically due to changes in floating interest rate.

 

     2007     2006  

Bank borrowings

   5.80 %   6.12 %

Other loans

   5.50 %   5.50 %

Finance lease liabilities

   2.52 %   3.71 %

The maturity of our financial liabilities is as follows:

 

Thousands of U.S. dollars

At December 31, 2007

   1 year
or less
   1 - 2
years
   2 – 3
years
   3 - 4
years
   4 - 5
years
   Over 5
years
   Total

Financial lease

   696    524    269    106    168    —      1,763

Other borrowings

   1,150,083    1,855,887    503,503    441,345    45,850    21,814    4,018,482
                                  

Total borrowings

   1,150,779    1,856,411    503,772    441,451    46,018    21,814    4,020,245
                                  

Our current debt to total debt ratio increased from 0.22:1 as of December 31, 2006 to 0.29:1 as of December 31 2007, due to the prepayment of long term syndicated loans.

 

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For information on our derivative financial instruments, please see Item 11 – “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk” and note 25 “Derivative financial instruments” to our audited consolidated financial statements included in this annual report.

Significant Borrowings

Our most significant borrowings as of May 31, 2008 are as follows:

 

Millions of U.S. dollars

Date

                             
  

Borrower

  

Type

   Original Principal
amount
   Outstanding Principal
amount as of
December 31, 2007
   Outstanding Principal
amount as of

May 31, 2008
  

Maturity

March 2005

   Tamsa    Syndicated loan    300.0    300.0    240.0    March 2010

October 2006

   Maverick    Syndicated loan    750.0    536.8    455.6    October 2011

October 2006

   Tamsa    Syndicated loan    700.0    622.2    544.4    October 2011

October 2006

   Siderca    Syndicated loan    480.5    416.6    352.7    October 2009

October 2006

   Dalmine    Syndicated loan    150.0    133.3    116.7    October 2011

May 2007

   Tenaris    Syndicated loan    1,000.0    1,000.0    500.0    May 2009 (*)

May 2007

   Hydril    Syndicated loan    300.0    300.0    266.7    May 2012

 

(*) This loan may be extended at the Company’s option until May 2012, upon notice to the agent no later than three business days prior to the original maturity date.

The main covenants on these loan agreements are limitations on liens and encumbrances, limitations on the sale of certain assets, restrictions on investments and compliance with financial ratios (e.g., leverage ratio and interest coverage ratio in Tamsa’s, Maverick’s, Siderca’s, Dalmine’s and Hydril’s syndicated loan agreements, and leverage ratio and debt service coverage ratio in the Company’s syndicated loan agreement). In addition, except for the Company’s syndicated loan agreement, these loans have certain restrictions on capital expenditures. As of March 31, 2008, Tenaris was in compliance with all of its covenants

The Company’s syndicated loan agreement is secured with a pledge of 100% of Hydril’s shares; the pledge shall be completely released immediately after the aggregate outstanding principal amount of the loan is less than or equal to $600 million. On November 8, 2007, the Company prepaid loans under the Company’s syndicated loan agreement in a principal amount of $700 million plus accrued interest thereon to such date. On April 1, 2008, we completed the sale of Hydril’s pressure control business to GE and, in May 2008, we used part of the proceeds of the sale to prepay loans under the Company’s syndicated loan agreement in a principal amount of $500 million. As a result of such prepayments, the Company is entitled to release all of the shares subject to the pledge. The Company is currently taking all necessary steps to effect such release.

Tenaris’s consolidated debt includes $90 million of Dalmine’s debt and $21 million of Confab’s debt secured by certain properties of these subsidiaries.

For further information on our borrowings, please see note 20 “Borrowings” to our audited consolidated financial statements included in this annual report.

 

C. Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc.

See Item 4. “Information on the Company – Research and Development”.

 

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D. Trend Information

Principal Factors Affecting Oil and Gas Prices and Demand for Steel Pipes from the Global Oil and Gas Industry

Sales to the oil and gas industry worldwide represent a high percentage of our total sales, and demand for steel pipes from the global oil and gas industry is a significant factor affecting the general level of volumes and prices for our products. Downward pressures on oil and gas prices usually result in lower oil and gas drilling activity and investment throughout the oil and gas industry with consequently lower demand for our steel pipe products and, in some circumstances, upward pressures can result in higher demand from our oil and gas customers.

Drilling activity in the U.S. and Canada is particularly sensitive to the level of regional gas prices as a majority of wells drilled are gas wells. In the rest of the world, however, a majority of wells drilled are oil wells, though the development of gas reserves for regional consumption and export in the form of LNG, or liquefied natural gas, has been increasing. Whereas oil prices are similar in most parts of the world because oil is a fully tradable commodity, gas prices are influenced by regional factors. In North America, where gas production is extensively developed and there is an extensive regional pipeline system, these factors include available gas storage capacity and seasonal weather patterns, particularly winter temperatures in the U.S. LNG prices are usually established in relation to international oil prices.

International oil prices depend on diverse factors. On the supply side, major oil- and gas-producing nations and companies frequently collaborate to control the supply (and thus the price) of oil in the international markets. A major vehicle for this collaboration is OPEC. Many of our customers are state-owned companies in member countries of OPEC, or otherwise cooperate with OPEC in controlling the supply and price of oil. Another factor that has affected the international price level of oil has to do with the political and socioeconomic conditions of oil-producing countries, such as Nigeria, Venezuela and the persistence of armed conflicts affecting the Middle East region which is home to a substantial proportion of the world’s known oil reserves. On the demand side, economic conditions and the level of oil inventories in the leading industrial nations of the world, and more recently China, which constitute the largest oil consuming nations, also play a significant role in oil prices.

In the past three years, international oil prices have risen strongly and currently trade at levels in excess of $130 per barrel (according to data available on Bloomberg LP, the WTI Midland Crude Oil spot price averaged $72 per barrel in 2007, $66 per barrel in 2006 and $57 per barrel in 2005). North American natural gas prices, however, have been affected by higher than average winter temperatures in the main consuming regions. Although they rose strongly in 2005, with the Henry Hub spot price peaking at $15.4 per million BTU (British Thermal Unit) in December 2005 they declined in 2006, following a lower than usual gas storage winter drawdown due to mild winter conditions in the north-eastern states of the U.S., with the Henry Hub spot price reaching a low of $3.7 per million BTU in September before recovering partially. During 2007, North American gas prices traded within a range of $5 to $9 per million BTU and averaged $7 per million BTU during the year. In the first five months of 2008, they have risen significantly above the levels recorded in 2007 as higher consumption and lower pipeline and LNG imports have resulted in gas storage levels falling below the three year seasonal average in spite of higher levels of U.S. production.

In spite of higher international prices, global demand for oil and gas in the past three years has continued to increase led by the continuing growth of the Chinese and Asian and Middle East economies. At the same time, the rate of production decline from established reserves has been increasing in many areas and estimates of excess oil production capacity have fallen to levels not seen since the 1970s. These factors have led to an increase in drilling activity in the past three years and higher demand for steel pipes from the global oil and gas industry. Moreover, new drilling activity is increasingly taking place at greater depths and in more corrosive environments leading to an increase in demand for high value steel pipe products. Drilling activity in Canada, however, was affected in 2007 by the decline of North American gas prices in 2006 and higher relative drilling costs resulting from the appreciation of the Canadian dollar against the U.S. dollar and demand for steel pipes from the global oil and gas industry was affected in 2007 by reductions in levels of inventory.

 

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The tables below show the average number of active oil and gas drilling rigs, or rig count, in the United States, Canada, International (worldwide excluding the United States and Canada and excluding Iran and Sudan as well as onshore China and Russia) and worldwide, as published by Baker Hughes Inc., for the years indicated and the percentage increase or decrease over the previous year. Baker Hughes, a leading oil service company, has published its rig counts on a monthly basis since 1975 as a general indicator of activity in the oil and gas sector.

Rig count

 

      2007    2006    2005    2004    2003

International

   1,005    925    850    781    729

Canada

   343    470    458    369    372

United States

   1,768    1,648    1,380    1,190    1,032
                        

Worldwide

   3,116    3,043    2,688    2,340    2,133
                        

Percentage increase (decrease) over the previous year

 

     2007     2006     2005     2004  

International

   8.6 %   8.8 %   8.8 %   7.1 %

Canada

   (26.8 %)   2.6 %   24.1 %   (0.8 %)

United States

   7.2 %   19.4 %   16.0 %   15.3 %
                        

Worldwide

   2.4 %   13.2 %   14.9 %   9.7 %
                        

We believe that, if global demand for oil and gas continues to increase at current rates, the factors which have resulted in the current level of oil prices and the increased drilling activity and demand for steel pipes from the oil and gas industry shown in the past three years will persist in the near term due to the lead times and capital required for the development of major new oil and gas reserves.

 

E. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not use “off-balance sheet arrangements” as such term is defined by applicable SEC rules. However, we do have various off-balance sheet commitments, as described in note 26 “Contingencies, commitments and restrictions on the distribution of profits” to our audited consolidated financial statements included in this annual report.

 

F. Contractual Obligations

The following table summarizes our contractual obligations at December 31, 2007, and the effect such obligations are expected to have on our liquidity and cash flow in future periods:

Millions of U.S. dollars

     Payments Due by Period
as of December 31, 2007

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

   Total    Less than 1
year
   1-3
years
   3-5
years
   After 5
years

Borrowings

   4,018.5    1,150.1    2,359.4    487.2    21.8

Finance Lease Obligations

   1.8    0.7    0.8    0.3    —  
                        

Total Borrowings

   4,020.2    1,150.8    2,360.2    487.5    21.8

Interest to be accrued(1)

   426.3    208.4    185.3    28.6    4.1

Purchase Commitments

   1,613.9    369.3    733.3    304.3    207.4
                        

Total Contractual Obligations and Commitments

   6,060.4    1,728.5    3,278.8    820.4    233.3
                        

 

(1) Interest to be accrued approximates estimated interest payments.

 

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The majority of our purchase commitments as of December 31, 2007, consist of obligations to purchase steel for the production of welded pipes in North America.

 

G. Recent Developments

 

a) Sale of Hydril Pressure Control Business

On January 28, 2008, we entered into an agreement with General Electric Company, or GE, for the sale to GE of the pressure control business acquired as part of the Hydril transaction, for an amount equivalent on a debt-free basis of approximately $1,115 million. On April 1, 2008, the sale was completed and we estimate that the net profits after taxes, bank fees and other related expenses of the transaction amount to approximately $400 million.

 

b) Sidor nationalization process

 

   

We hold approximatedly 11.46% of the capital stock of Ternium S.A., or Ternium, a company controlled by San Faustin. Ternium holds approximately 59.7% of Venezuelan steel producer Sidor (while CVG holds approximately 20.4% of Sidor and certain Sidor employees and former employees hold the remaining 19.9% interest).

 

   

On April 8, 2008, the Venezuelan government announced its intention to take control over Sidor, and on April 29, 2008, the National Assembly of the Republic of Venezuela passed a resolution declaring that the shares of Sidor, together with all of its assets, are of public and social interest. On May 13, 2008, the Decree became effective upon its publication on Venezuela’s Official Gazette. The Decree orders that Sidor and its subsidiaries and associated companies be transformed into state-owned enterprises (“empresas del estado”), with Venezuela owning not less than 60% of their share capital. The discussions between Ternium and the Venezuelan government regarding the adequate and fair terms and conditions upon which all or a significant part of Ternium’s interest in Sidor would be transferred to Venezuela are presently under way.

 

   

The Decree provides for the creation of a committee to negotiate over a 60-day period a fair price for the shares to be transferred to Venezuela. In the event the parties fail to reach agreement by the expiration of the 60-day period, as such term may be extended, the Venezuelan Ministry of Basic Industries and Mining shall assume control and exclusive operation of Sidor, and the Executive Branch shall order the expropriation of the shares of the relevant companies. Accordingly, if Ternium fails to reach agreement with the Venezuelan government, its ownership interest in Sidor could be eliminated altogether, potentially without any immediate compensation. In addition, while the Decree does not provide any valuation criteria for the shares to be transferred to Venezuela, it specifies that any expropriation compensation shall not include lost profits (“lucro cesante”) or indirect damages.

 

c) Dividend payment

On June 4, 2008, the Company’s shareholders approved an annual dividend in the amount of $0.38 per share of common stock currently issued and outstanding. The amount approved included the interim dividend previously paid in November 2007, in the amount of $0.13 per share. The balance, amounting to $0.25 per share ($0.50 per ADS), was paid on June 26, 2008. In the aggregate, the interim dividend paid in November 2007 and the balance paid in June 2008 amounted to approximately $450 million. For further information about this dividend, see Item 8. “Financial Information – Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information – Dividend Policy”.

 

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Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees

 

A. Directors and Senior Management

Board of Directors

Management of the Company is vested in a board of directors. The Company’s articles of association provide for a board of directors consisting of at least three and at most fifteen directors; however if the Company’s shares are listed on a stock exchange, the minimum number of directors must be five. The board of directors meets at least four times per year, or as often as required by the interests of the Company. A majority of the members of the board constitutes a quorum, and resolutions may be adopted by the vote of a majority of the directors present. In the case of a tie, the chairman is entitled to cast the deciding vote.

Directors are elected at the annual ordinary general shareholders’ meeting to serve one-year renewable terms, as decided by the shareholders. The Company’s articles of association provide that if its shares are listed on at least one stock exchange, it must have an audit committee composed of three members, two of whom, at least, must qualify as independent directors.

Under the Company’s articles of association, an independent director is a director who:

 

 

is not and has not been employed by us or our subsidiaries in an executive capacity for the preceding five years;

 

 

is not a person that controls us, directly or indirectly, and is not a member of the board of directors of a company controlling us, directly or indirectly;

 

 

does not have (and is not affiliated with a company or a firm that has) a significant business relationship with us, our subsidiaries or our controlling shareholder;

 

 

is not and has not been affiliated with or employed by a present or former auditor of us, our subsidiaries or our controlling shareholder for the preceding five years; and

 

 

is not a spouse, parent, sibling or relative up to the third degree of any of the above persons.

On June 4, 2008, our shareholders’ meeting maintained the size of the board of directors at ten members, with nine of such members being re-elected. Mr. Alberto Valsecchi, our former chief operating officer was elected as a new member of the board of directors, filling the position previously held by Mr. Bruno Marchettini. The members of the board of directors will serve a one-year term until the next annual ordinary general shareholders meeting, which will be held on June 2009. The following table sets forth the Company’s current directors, their respective positions on the board, their principal occupation, their years of service as board members and their age.

 

Name

    

Position

    

Principal Occupation

    

Years as
Director

    

Age at
December 31, 2007

Roberto Bonatti(1)      Director      President of San Faustin      5      58
Carlos Condorelli      Director      Director of Tenaris and Ternium      1      56
Carlos Franck      Director      President of Santa María      5      57
Roberto Monti      Director      Non-executive chairman of Trefoil Limited and member of the board of directors of Petrobras Energia and of John Wood Group PLC      3      68

 

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Name

  

 Position 

  

Principal Occupation

  

Years as
Director

  

Age at
December 31, 2007

Gianfelice Mario Rocca(1)    Director    Chairman of the board of directors of San Faustin    5    59
Paolo Rocca(1)    Director    Chairman and chief executive officer of Tenaris    6    55
Jaime Serra Puche    Director    Chairman of SAI Consultores    5    56
Alberto Valsecchi    Director    Director of Tenaris    —      63
Amadeo Vázquez y Vázquez    Director    Director of Gas Natural Ban S.A. and vocal of the executive committee of the Asociación Empresaria Argentina    5    65
Guillermo Vogel    Director    Vice chairman of Tamsa    5    57

 

(1) Paolo Rocca and Gianfelice Rocca are brothers, and Roberto Bonatti is Paolo and Gianfelice Rocca’s first cousin.

Roberto Bonatti. Mr. Bonatti is a member of our board of directors. He is a grandson of Agostino Rocca, founder of the Techint group, a group of companies controlled by San Faustin. Throughout his career in the Techint group he has been involved specifically in the engineering and construction and corporate sectors. He was first employed by the Techint group in 1976, as deputy resident engineer in Venezuela. In 1984, he became a director of San Faustin, and since 2001 he has served as its president. In addition, Mr. Bonatti currently serves as president of Tecpetrol and Techint Compañia Técnica Internacional S.A.C.I. He is also a member of the board of directors of Ternium Siderca and Siderar. Mr. Bonatti is an Italian citizen.

Carlos Condorelli. Mr. Condorelli is a member of our board of directors. He served as our chief financial officer from October 2002 until September 2007. He is also a board member of Ternium. He began his career within the Techint group in 1975 as an analyst in the accounting and administration department of Siderar. He has held several positions within Tenaris and other Techint group companies, including finance and administration director of Tamsa and president of the board of directors of Empresa Distribuidora La Plata S.A., or Edelap, an Argentine utilities company. Mr. Condorelli is an Argentine citizen.

Carlos Franck. Mr. Franck is a member of our board of directors. He is president of Santa María S.A.I.F. and Inverban S.A., vice president of Siderca and a member of the board of directors of Techint Financial Corporation N.V., III Industrial Investments Inc., Siderar, Tecpetrol and Tecgas N.V. He has financial, planning and control responsibilities in subsidiaries of San Faustin. Mr. Franck is an Argentine citizen.

Roberto Monti. Mr. Monti is a member of our board of directors. He is the non-executive chairman of Trefoil Limited and a member of the board of directors of Petrobras Energia and of John Wood Group PLC. He has served as vice president of Exploration and Production of Repsol YPF and chairman and CEO of YPF. He was also president of Dowell, a subsidiary of Schlumberger and president of Schlumberger Wire & Testing division for East Hemisphere Latin America. Mr. Monti is an Argentine citizen.

Gianfelice Mario Rocca. Mr. Rocca is a member of our board of directors. He is a grandson of Agostino Rocca. He is chairman of the board of directors of San Faustin, a member of the board of directors of Tamsa and Ternium, president of the Humanitas Group and president of the board of directors of Techint Compagnia Tecnica Internazionale S.p.A. and Tenova S.p.A. de C.V. In addition, he sits on the board of directors or executive committees of several companies, including Allianz S.p.A, RCS Quotidiani, and Buzzi Unicem. He is vice president of Confindustria, the leading association of Italian industrialists. He is a member of the Advisory Board of Allianz Group, the Trilateral Commission and the European Advisory Board of the Harvard Business School, the Trilateral Commission. Mr. Rocca is an Italian citizen.

Paolo Rocca. Mr. Rocca is chairman of our board of directors and our chief executive officer. He is a grandson of Agostino Rocca. He is also chairman of the board of directors of Tamsa, and vice president of Confab. He is also chairman of the board of directors of Ternium, director and vice president of San Faustin and director of Techint Financial Corporation N.V. Mr. Rocca is the vice-chairman of the IISI (International Iron and Steel Institute) and member of the International Advisory Committee of the NYSE (New York Stock Exchange). Mr. Rocca is an Italian citizen.

 

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Jaime Serra Puche. Mr. Serra Puche is a member of our board of directors. He is chairman of SAI Consultores, a Mexican consulting firm, and a member of the board of directors of Chiquita Brands International, the Mexico Fund, Grupo Vitro and Grupo Modelo. Mr. Serra Puche served as Mexico’s Undersecretary of Revenue, Secretary of Trade and Industry, and Secretary of Finance. He led the negotiation and implementation of NAFTA. Mr. Serra Puche is a Mexican citizen.

Alberto Valsecchi. Mr. Valsecchi is a member of our board of directors. He served as our chief operating officer from Februrary 2004 until July 2007. He joined the Techint group in 1968 and has held various positions within Tenaris and other Techint group. He has retired from his executive positions. He is also a member of the board of directors of San Faustin and has been elected as the chairman of the board of directors of Dalmine, a position he assumed in May 2008. Mr. Valsecchi is an Italian citizen.

Amadeo Vázquez y Vázquez. Mr. Vázquez y Vázquez is a member of our board of directors. He is an independent member of the board of directors of Gas Natural Ban S.A. He is a member of the executive committee of the Asociación Empresaria Argentina, and of the Fundación Mediterránea, and he is a member of the Advisory Board of the Fundación de Investigaciones Económicas Latinoamericanas. He served as CEO of the Banco Río de la Plata S.A. until August 1997 and was also the chairman of the board of directors of Telecom Argentina S.A. until April 2007. Mr. Vázquez y Vázquez is an Argentine citizen.

Guillermo Vogel. Mr. Vogel is a member of our board of directors. He is vice chairman of Tamsa, chairman of Grupo Collado S.A.B. de C.V, vice chairman of Estilo y Vanidad S.A. de C.V. and member of the board of directors of Alfa S.A.B. de C.V., the American Iron and Steel Institute, the North American Steel Council, the North American Competitiveness Council and the International Iron and Steel Institute. In addition, he is a member of the board of directors and of the investment committee of the Corporación Mexicana de Inversiones de Capital and a member of the board of directors and the audit committee of HSBC (México). Mr. Vogel is a Mexican citizen.

Director Liability

Under Luxembourg law, a director may be liable to us for any damage caused by management errors, such as wrongful acts committed during the execution of his or her mandate, and to the Company, its shareholders and third parties in the event that the Company, its shareholders or third parties suffer a loss due to an infringement of either the Luxembourg Company Law or the Company’s articles of association. Under Luxembourg law, related-party transactions involving directors may be subject to approval procedures established by Luxembourg law and are to be reported at the next following shareholders’ meeting. Any director may be removed from or reappointed to office at any time by a shareholders’ resolution passed by majority vote, irrespective of the number of shares present or represented at the meeting.

A director will not be liable if, notwithstanding his presence at the meeting at which a resolution was adopted or notwithstanding his opposition to that resolution, he advised the board of directors of his knowledge thereto and caused a record of his statement to be included in the minutes of the meeting. The director must report his opposition at the next shareholders’ meeting before any other resolution is voted on.

The Company may initiate actions against directors for damages with the approval of shareholders by a vote of more than 50% of votes cast and without the presence of a quorum. Actions against directors who misappropriate corporate assets or commit a breach of trust may be brought by any shareholder.

Auditors

The Company’s articles of association require the appointment of at least one independent auditor chosen from among the members of the Luxembourg Institute of Independent Auditors. The primary responsibility of the independent auditor is to audit the Company’s annual accounts and to submit a report on the accounts to

 

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shareholders at the annual shareholders’ meeting. Following a recommendation from our Audit Committee, auditors are appointed by the shareholders through a resolution passed by a majority vote, irrespective of the number of shares present or represented. Shareholders can determine the number and the term of office of the auditors at the general meeting. Luxembourg law does not allow directors to serve concurrently as independent auditors. An auditor’s term shall not exceed one year, and they may be reappointed and dismissed at any time.

PricewaterhouseCoopers (acting, in connection with the Company’s annual accounts required under Luxembourg law, through PricewaterhouseCoopers S.á.r.l., and, in connection with the Company’s annual and interim financial statements required under the laws of other relevant jurisdictions, through Price Waterhouse & Co. S.R.L.) were the Company’s independent auditors for the year ending December 31, 2007.

Senior Management

Our current senior management consists of:

 

Name

  

Position

  

Age at

December 31, 2007

Paolo Rocca    Chairman and Chief Executive Officer    55
Ricardo Soler    Chief Financial Officer    56
Carlos San Martín    Technology Director    64
Alejandro Lammertyn    Commercial Director    42
Renato Catallini    Supply Chain Director    41
Marco Radnic    Human Resources Director    58
Marcelo Ramos    Quality Director    44
Sergio Tosato    Industrial Coordination Director    58
Germán Curá    North American Area Manager    45
Sergio de la Maza    Central American Area Manager    51
Guillermo Noriega    South American Area Manager    57
Vincenzo Crapanzano    European Area Manager    55
Carlos Pappier    Planning Director    46
Claudio Leali    Managing Director, Japanese Operations    57

Paolo Rocca. Mr. Rocca is chairman of our board of directors and our chief executive officer. He is a grandson of Agostino Rocca. He is also chairman of the board of directors of Tamsa, and vice president of Confab. He is also chairman of the board of directors of Ternium and director and vice president of San Faustin and director of Techint Financial Corporation N.V. Mr. Rocca is a vice-chairman of the International Iron and Steel Institute and member of the International Advisory Committee of the NYSE (New York Stock Exchange). Mr. Rocca is an Italian citizen.

Ricardo Soler. Mr Soler currently serves as our chief financial officer, a position that he assumed in October 2007. Previously he served as chief executive officer of Hydril and from 1999 until November 2006 served as managing director of our welded pipe operations in South America and as executive vice-president of Confab and Siat. He started his career in the Techint group in 1974 as a planning analyst at Siderar. He served as Siderca’s financial director from 1993 until 1995. Mr. Soler is an Argentine citizen.

Carlos San Martín. Mr. San Martín currently serves as our technology director with responsibility for R&D activities, as well as acting as honorary chairman of NKKTubes. He joined the Techint group in 1968 and has held various positions within the Techint group and Tenaris, including marketing director of Siderca and managing director of NKKTubes. From August 2000 to August 2002, Mr. San Martín was Chairman of NKKTubes. He assumed his current position in October 2002. Mr. San Martín is an Argentine citizen.

Alejandro Lammertyn. Mr. Lammertyn currently serves as our commercial director. Previously he served as supply chain director. He began his career with Tenaris in 1990 as special projects analyst in Siderca. In 2000, he was assistant to the CEO for marketing, organizational model and mill allocation matters. He assumed his current position in August 2007. Mr. Lammertyn is an Argentine citizen.

 

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Renato Catallini. Mr. Catallini currently serves as our supply chain director, with responsibility for the execution of all contractual deliveries to customers. He joined Tenaris in 2001 in the supply management area, as a general manager of Exiros Argentina. In July 2002, he was appointed operations director and subsequently, in January 2005, became managing director of Exiros. Before joining Tenaris, he worked for ten years in the energy sector, working for TGN, Nova Gas Internacional, TransCanada Pipelines and TotalFinaElf, among others. He assumed his current position in August 2007. Mr. Catallini is an Argentine citizen.

Marco Radnic. Mr. Radnic currently serves as our human resources director. He began his career within the Techint group in the Industrial Engineering Department of Siderar in 1975. Later he held several positions in the technical departments of Siderca and various companies within the Techint group. After holding several positions in the marketing and procurement areas in Europe, in 1996 he became commercial director of Dalmine. In 1998, he became the director of our Process and Power Services business unit. In 2001, he was appointed chief of staff for Paolo Rocca in Buenos Aires. He assumed his current position in December 2002. Mr. Radnic is an Argentine citizen.

Marcelo Ramos. Mr. Ramos currently serves as our quality director. Previously he served as managing director of NKKTubes and our Japanese operations. He joined the Techint group in 1987 and has held various positions within Tenaris including quality control director at Siderca. He assumed his current position in 2006. Mr. Ramos is an Argentine citizen.

Sergio Tosato. Mr. Tosato currently serves as our industrial coordination director. He first joined Dalmine in 1974 in the personnel organization area, and has held many positions within Tenaris, including director of operations in Siderca and manufacturing director in Dalmine, before assuming his current position in 2003. Mr. Tosato is an Italian citizen.

Germán Curá. Mr. Curá currently serves as our North American area manager. He is a marine engineer and was first employed with Siderca in 1988. Previously, he served as Siderca’s exports director, Tamsa’s exports director and commercial director, sales and marketing manager of our Middle East office, president of Algoma Tubes, director of our Oilfield Services business unit and commercial director. He is also a member of the board of directors of the American Petroleum Institute (API). He assumed his current position in October 2006. Mr. Curá is an Argentine citizen.

Sergio de la Maza. Mr. de la Maza currently serves as our Central American area manager and also serves as a director and executive vice-president of Tamsa. Previously he served as our Mexican area manager. He first joined Tamsa in 1980. From 1983 to 1988, Mr. de la Maza worked for Dalmine. He then became manager of Tamsa’s new pipe factory and later served as manufacturing manager and quality director of Tamsa. Subsequently, he was named manufacturing director of Siderca. He assumed his current position in 2006. Mr. de la Maza is a Mexican citizen.

Guillermo Noriega. Mr. Noriega currently serves as our South American area manager and also serves as managing director of Siderca. He began his career at Siderca as an industrial engineer in 1981. Previously, he served as Siderca’s commercial director for the Argentine market. He assumed his current position with Siderca in 2000. Mr. Noriega is an Argentine citizen.

Vincenzo Crapanzano. Mr. Crapanzano currently serves as our European area manager and also serves as managing director of Dalmine. Previously he served as our Mexican area manager and executive vice president of Tamsa. Prior to joining Tenaris, he held various positions at Grupo Falck from 1979 to 1989. When Dalmine acquired the tubular assets of Grupo Falck in 1990, he was appointed managing director of the cold drawn tubes division. He assumed his current position in January 2004. Mr. Crapanzano is an Italian citizen.

Carlos Pappier. Mr. Pappier currently serves as our planning director, a position that he assumed in October 2006. He began his career within the Techint group in 1984 as a cost analyst in Siderar. After holding several positions within Tenaris and other Techint group companies in 2002 he became chief of staff of Tenaris. Mr. Pappier is an Argentine citizen.

 

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Claudio Leali. Mr. Leali currently serves as managing director of our Japanese operations, a position that he assumed in November 2006. He began his career at Dalmine as a development product technician in 1976. From March 1994 to October 1995 he served as technical managing director of DMV, a joint venture between Dalmine, Vallourec and Mannesmann. Before assuming his current position he also served as quality director and as executive assistant of the technology department. Mr. Leali is an Italian citizen.

 

B. Compensation

The compensation of the members of the Company’s board of directors is determined at the annual ordinary general shareholders’ meeting. Each member of the board of directors received as compensation for such position a fee of $70 thousand. The chairman of the audit committee received as additional compensation a fee of $60 thousand while the other members of the audit committee received an additional fee of $50 thousand.

The aggregate compensation earned by directors and executive officers during 2007 amounted to $20 million.

Employee retention and incentive program

On January 1, 2007, we adopted an employee retention and long term incentive program. Pursuant to this program, certain senior executives have been granted a number of units equivalent in value to the equity book value per share (excluding minority interest). The units will be vested over a period of four years and Tenaris will redeem vested units following a period of seven years from the grant date, or when the employee ceases employment, at the equity book value per share at the time of the payment. Beneficiaries also receive a cash amount per unit equivalent to the dividend paid per share whenever the Company pays a cash dividend to its shareholders. Annual compensation under this program is not expected to exceed 35%, on average, of the total annual compensation of the beneficiaries.

The total value of the units granted under the program, based on the number of units and the book value per share as of December 31, 2007, was $8.1 million. As of December 31, 2007, we have recorded a total liability of $11.1 million, based on actuarial calculations provided by independent advisors.

 

C. Board Practices

See “– Directors, Senior Management and Employees – Directors and Senior Management”.

There are no service contracts between any director and Tenaris that provide for benefits upon termination of employment.

Audit Committee

On June 4, 2008, the Company’s board of directors reappointed Jaime Serra Puche, Amadeo Vázquez y Vázquez and Roberto Monti as members of our audit committee. All three members of the audit committee qualify as independent directors under the Company’s articles of association and the Exchange Act.

Under the Company’s articles of association, the audit committee is required to report to the board of directors on its activities from time to time, and on the adequacy of the systems of internal control over financial reporting once a year at the time the annual accounts are approved. In addition, the charter of the audit committee sets forth, among other things, the audit committee’s purpose and responsibilities. The audit committee assists the board of directors in its oversight responsibilities with respect to our financial statements, and the independence, performance and fees of our independent auditors (see Item 16.C for additional information about the audit committee’s procedures with respect to our independent auditors). The audit committee also performs other duties entrusted to it by the Company’s board of directors.

In addition, the audit committee is required by the Company’s articles of association to review “Material Transactions,” as such term is defined by the Company’s articles of association, to be entered into by the Company or its subsidiaries with “related parties,” as such term is defined by the Company’s articles of association in order to determine whether their terms are consistent with market

 

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conditions or are otherwise fair to the Company and/or its subsidiaries. In the case of Material Transactions entered into by the Company’s subsidiaries with related parties, the Company’s audit committee will review those transactions entered into by those subsidiaries whose boards of directors do not have independent members. Confab is currently our only subsidiary with independent board members.

Under the Company’s articles of association, as supplemented by the audit committee’s charter, a Material Transaction is:

 

 

any transaction with or involving a related party (x) with an individual value equal to or greater than $10 million or (y) with an individual value lower than $10 million, when the aggregate sum of any series of transactions reflected in the financial statements of the four fiscal quarters of the Company preceding the date of determination (excluding any transactions that were reviewed and approved by Company’s audit committee or board of directors, as applicable, or the independent members of the board of directors of any of its subsidiaries) exceeds 1.5% of the Company’s consolidated net sales made in the fiscal year preceding the year on which the determination is made; or

 

 

any corporate reorganization transaction (including a merger, spin-off or bulk transfer of a business) involving the Company or any of its direct or indirect subsidiaries for the benefit of or involving a related party.

The audit committee has the power (to the maximum extent permitted by applicable laws) to request that the Company or relevant subsidiary provide any information necessary for it to review any Material Transaction. A Related Party transaction shall not be entered into unless (i) the circumstances underlying the proposed transaction justify that it be entered into before it can be reviewed by the Company’s audit committee or approved by the board of directors and (ii) the Related Party agrees to unwind the transaction if the Company’s audit committee or board of directors does not approve it.

In addition, the audit committee has the authority to conduct any investigation appropriate to fulfil its responsibilities, and has direct access to the Company’s internal and external auditors as well as Tenaris’s management and employees and, subject to applicable laws, its subsidiaries.

 

D. Employees

The following table shows the number of persons employed by Tenaris:

 

     At December 31,
2007

Argentina

   6,384

United States

   3,802

Mexico

   3,447

Italy

   3,071

Brazil

   2,026

Romania

   1,366

Canada

   1,032

Japan

   700

Other Countries

   1,544
    

Total employees

   23,372
    

At December 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005 the number of persons employed by Tenaris was 21,751 and 17,693 respectively. The number of our employees increased during 2007 mainly due to the acquisition of Hydril.

Approximately 50% of our employees are unionized. We believe that we enjoy good or satisfactory relations with our employees and their unions in each of the countries in which we have manufacturing facilities, and we have not experienced any major strikes or other labor conflicts with a material impact on our operations over the last five years.

 

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E. Share Ownership

To our knowledge, the total number of the Company’s shares (in the form of ordinary shares or ADSs) beneficially owned by our directors and executive officers as of April 30, 2008 was 1,990,839 which represents 0.2% of our outstanding shares.

The following table provides information regarding share ownership by our directors and executive officers:

 

Director or Officer

   Number of Shares Held

Guillermo Vogel

   1,915,446

Carlos Condorelli

   67,211

Ricardo Soler

   8,182
    

Total

   1,990,839
    

 

Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions.

 

A. Major Shareholders

The following table shows the beneficial ownership of our ordinary shares, as of April 30, 2008, by (1) our principal shareholders (persons or entities that own beneficially 5% or more of the Company’s shares), (2) our directors and executive officers as a group, and (3) non-affiliated public shareholders.

 

Identity of Person or Group

   Number    Percent  

San Faustin(1)

   713,605,187    60.4 %

Directors and executive officers as a group

   1,990,839    0.2 %

Public

   464,940,804    39.4 %
           

Total

   1,180,536,830    100.0 %
           

 

(1) Shares held by III CI, a wholly-owned subsidiary of San Faustin. Rocca & Partners controls a significant portion of the voting power of San Faustin and has the ability to influence matters affecting, or submitted to a vote of, the shareholders of San Faustin.

As of May 31, 2008, 164,103,008 ADSs (representing 328,206,016 shares of common stock, or 27.8% of all outstanding shares of common stock of the Company) were registered in the name of approximately 482 holders resident in the United States.

The voting rights of our major shareholders do not differ from the voting rights of other shareholders. None of our outstanding shares have any special control rights. There are no restrictions on voting rights, nor are there, to the Company’s knowledge, any agreements among shareholders of the Company that might result in restrictions on the transfer of securities or the exercise of voting rights.

The Company does not know of any significant agreements or other arrangements to which the Company is a party and which take effect, alter or terminate in the event of a change of control of the Company.

 

B. Related Party Transactions

Tenaris is a party to several related party transactions as described below. Material related party transactions are subject to the review of the audit committee of the Company’s board of directors and the requirements of Luxembourg law. For further detail on the approval process for related party transactions, see Item 6.C. “Directors, Senior Management and Employees – Board Practices – Audit Committee”.

 

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Purchases of Raw Materials

In the ordinary course of business, we purchase flat steel products, steel bars and other raw materials from Ternium or its subsidiaries. These purchases are made on similar terms and conditions as sales made by these companies to unrelated third parties. These transactions include:

 

   

Purchases of flat steel products for use in the production of welded pipes and accessories, which amounted to $71.3 million, $35.9 million and $29.2 million in 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.

 

   

Purchases of steel bars for use in our seamless steel pipe operations in Venezuela, which amounted to $45.8 million, $30.5 million and $36.7 million in 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.

 

   

Purchases of pig iron, DRI, scrap and other raw materials for use in the production of seamless pipes, which amounted to $11.8 million, $23.7 million and $11.7 million in 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.

Sales of Raw Materials

In the ordinary course of business, we sell raw materials and other production inputs to Ternium or its subsidiaries. These sales are made on similar terms and conditions as purchases made by these companies from unrelated third parties. These transactions include:

 

   

Sales of ferrous scrap, and other raw materials, which amounted to $22.7 million, $19.2 million and $9.8 million in 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.

 

   

Sales of steam and operational services from our Argentine electric power generating facility in San Nicolas. These sales amounted to $8.1 million, $6.4 million and $2.6 million in 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively. In addition, we incurred penalty charges of $5.2 million in 2005, for failure to deliver contractual volumes of steam.

Transactions involving Matesi

We established Matesi jointly with Sidor, to operate an HBI production facility in Venezuela. We hold 50.2% of Matesi and Sidor holds 49.8%. Transactions associated with this operation include:

 

   

The sale of HBI to Sidor pursuant to an off-take agreement, which amounted to $49.4 million, $77.3 million and $87.1 million in 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively. The agreement establishes that Matesi is required to sell to Sidor, on a take-or-pay basis, 29.9% of Matesi’s HBI production, or up to 49.8% at the election of Sidor.

 

   

During 2004, Matesi entered into a management assistance agreement with Sidor. As part of this agreement, Matesi paid fees to Sidor totaling $0.7 million, $1.1 million and $1.3 million in 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively, related to the provision of managerial services. In addition, Sidor purchased goods and services on behalf of Matesi, totaling $16.2 million in 2005.

 

   

As part of the investment agreement to finance the acquisition of Matesi’s assets and its start-up, in July 2004 Matesi received loans from its shareholders, Sidor and a subsidiary of the Company, in the same proportion as their participations and under the same terms and conditions. In May 2007, the board of directors of Matesi approved the partial capitalization of the loan granted by Sidor for an amount of $34.9 million. As a result, the outstanding amount of the loan granted by Sidor to Matesi as of December 31, 2007 was $26.4 million. This loan bears interest at a rate of LIBOR+2%. Interest paid on this loan amounted to $2.9 million, $3.6 million and $3.3 million in 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.

 

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Matesi paid royalties and technical assistance fees in respect of licensed technology to Hylsamex, which became a subsidiary of Ternium on August 22, 2005. Hylsamex subsequently sold its technology division to HyL Technologies S.A. de C.V., or HyL, a Mexican company controlled by San Faustin, involved in marketing and implementation of direct reduction plant projects. The royalties and fees paid to Hysalmex amounted to $0.5 million in 2007 and $1.6 million in each of 2006 and 2005. Additionally, during 2007, royalties and fees paid to HyL pursuant to this license amounted to $0.4 million.

 

   

During 2006, Matesi entered into a services agreement with Sidor under which Sidor recycles by-product from Matesi’s operations into raw materials. Under this agreement, Matesi paid to Sidor $0.9 million in 2007 and $1.5 million in 2006.

 

   

During 2007, Matesi entered into a service agreement with Sidor under which Matesi recycles pellets from Sidor into HBI. Under this agreement Sidor paid to Matesi $2.4 million in 2007.

 

   

In 2007, Matesi purchased supplies and spare parts from HyL, amounting to $2.4 million.

Purchase Agency Services

Until September 2006, we provided purchase agency services to Ternium or its subsidiaries through our subsidiary Exiros. In October 2006, Ternium acquired a 50% interest in Exiros, and we retained the remaining 50%. The transaction amounted to $2.3 million. Following this transaction, Exiros continued to act as purchase agent for both Ternium and the Company, and their respective subsidiaries.

Until September 2006, we received fees totaling $7.1 million and $4.8 million in 2006 and 2005, respectively. Fees from Tenaris to Exiros for agency services amounted to $24.9 million in 2007 and $4.7 million for the three month period ended December 2006.

Supply of Natural Gas

We are party to contracts with Tecpetrol, TGN and Litoral Gas relating to the supply of natural gas to our operations in Argentina. Tecpetrol is a company controlled by San Faustin engaged in oil and gas exploration and production and has rights to various oil and gas fields in Argentina and elsewhere in Latin America. TGN operates two major pipelines in Argentina connecting the major gas basins of Neuquén and Noroeste-Bolivia to the major consumption centers in Argentina, while Litoral Gas is a company that distributes gas in the Province of Santa Fe and in the northeastern section of the Province of Buenos Aires. San Faustin holds significant but non-controlling interests in TGN and Litoral Gas.

Tecpetrol supplies Siderca with the balance of its natural gas requirements not supplied by its principal gas supplier, Repsol YPF, on terms and conditions that are equivalent to those between Repsol YPF and Siderca. In April, 2003, we entered into an agreement with Tecpetrol for the delivery of 760 million cubic meters of natural gas to our Campana plant and to our San Nicolás power generation facility over a period of five years. Under the terms of this agreement, we prepaid a portion of the gas deliveries, corresponding to $15.3 million. We consumed the entire prepaid amount by February 2006, but we continue to take deliveries under the contract at non-preferential prices. Tecpetrol’s sales to Tenaris amounted to $5.5 million, $8.9 million and $2.8 million in 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.

TGN charges Siderca a price to transport its natural gas supplies that is equivalent on a comparable basis to prices paid by other industrial users. The Argentine government regulates the general framework under which TGN operates and prices its services. TGN’s sales to Tenaris amounted to $2.1 million in 2007, $1.4 million in 2006 and $1.6 million in 2005.

 

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Litoral Gas’s sales to Tenaris totaled $2.1 million in 2007, $2.7 million in 2006 and $1.7 million in 2005. In addition, in 2005 we incurred penalty charges of $0.9 million for failure to purchase the minimum contract volumes.

During 2007, in order to fulfill our gas consumption requirements, we also purchased gas on spot conditions from Tecgas and Energy Consulting Services S.A, two companies controlled by San Faustin. These purchases amounted to $1.5 million.

Provision of Engineering and Labor Services

We contract with certain companies controlled by San Faustin engineering and non-specialist manual labor services, such as cleaning, general maintenance, handling of by-products and construction services. Fees accrued for these services in the aggregate amounted to $59.9 million, $59.2 million and $39.5 million in 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.

Sales of Steel Pipes and Sucker Rods

In the ordinary course of business, we sell steel pipes, sucker rods and related services to other companies controlled by San Faustin. These sales, which are made principally to companies involved in the construction of gas pipelines and to Tecpetrol and joint ventures in which Tecpetrol participates, for its oil and gas drilling operations, are made on similar terms and conditions as sales to unrelated third parties. Our sales of steel pipes and sucker rods as well as logistical and certain other services to other companies controlled by San Faustin amounted to $48.4 million, $72.8 million and $71.3 million in 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.

Sales of Other Products and Services

In addition to sales of pipes and sucker rods, we enter into sales transactions with companies controlled by San Faustin for the sale of other products and services. The most significant transactions include:

 

   

The sale of industrial equipment for oil platforms, which amounted to $7.4 million in 2006 and $13.4 million in 2005.

 

   

In July 2006, through our subsidiary Information Systems & Technologies, we entered into contracts with Ternium and other companies controlled by San Faustin for the rendering of technology and information services. Sales to Ternium amounted to $2.9 million in 2007 and $1.6 million in 2006 and sales to other companies controlled by San Faustin amounted to $2.9 million in 2007 and $1.5 million in 2006.

 

   

In 2006, we entered into an agreement with Exiros to provide them with administrative services. Sales under this agreement amounted to $3.9 million in 2007 and $0.4 million in 2006.

Financial Operations and Administrative Services

Finma S.A. provides administrative and legal support services to its affiliates in Argentina, including us. In August 2006, Finma was reorganized with Siderca, Siderar and another company controlled by San Faustin with operations in Argentina acquiring one third each from a group of former directors of companies controlled by San Faustin. Fees accrued for these services amounted to $7.4 million, $5.1 million and $4.1 million in 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.

 

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Other Transactions

During 2005, we entered into a contract with Techint CimiMontubi for the provision of engineering services for the construction of a gas-fired combined heat and power plant at Dalmine, for a total amount of $15 million. Pursuant to the contract, we paid $0.9 million during 2007, $4.6 million during 2006 and $6.6 million during 2005.

During 2006, we entered into a contract with Techint Compagnia Tecnica for the provision of furnaces for our integrated production facilities in Argentina and Mexico. Supplies received amounted to $0.4 million in 2007 and $15.8 million in 2006.

On December 1, 2006, we sold a 75% participation in DaEn to E.ON Sales and Trading GmbH and completed the sale of the remaining 25% in November 2007. Tenaris purchased energy from DaEn for an amount of $120.5 million during 2007 and of $12.1 million during December 2006.

In 2007, we contracted pipe coating services from Socotherm Brasil S.A., for an amount of $54.1 million. Prior to January 1, 2007, we considered Socotherm as a subsidiary and therefore consolidated its operations.

In 2007, we purchased office space in Buenos Aires, Argentina, from Siderar, a Ternium subsidiary, and from another Techint group company for a total amount of $5.2 million.

In 2007, we purchased welded steel pipes from Hylsamex, a Ternium subsidiary, amounting to $1.6 million, which were sold by Tamsa as part of a major project.

In addition, in the ordinary course of business, from time to time, we carry out other transactions and enter into other arrangements with other affiliates, none of which are believed to be material.

 

C. Interest of Experts and Counsel

Not applicable.

 

Item 8. Financial Information

 

A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information

See Item 18 and pages F-1 through F-56 for our audited consolidated financial statements.

Legal Proceedings

Tenaris is involved in litigation arising from time to time in the ordinary course of business. Based on management’s assessment it is not anticipated that the ultimate resolution of pending litigation will result in amounts in excess of recorded provisions that would be material to Tenaris’s consolidated financial position or results of operations.

Maverick litigation

On December 11, 2006, The Bank of New York, or BNY, as trustee for the holders of Maverick 2004 4% Convertible Senior Subordinated Notes due 2033 issued pursuant to an Indenture between Maverick and BNY, or Noteholders, filed a complaint against Maverick and the Company in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. The complaint alleges that our acquisition of Maverick triggered the “Public Acquirer Change of Control” provision of Indenture, asserting breach of contract claim against Maverick for refusing to deliver the consideration specified in the “Public Acquirer Change of Control” provision of the Indenture to Noteholders who tendered their notes for such consideration. This complaint seeks a declaratory judgment that our acquisition of Maverick was a “Public Acquirer Change of Control” under the Indenture, and asserts claims for tortuous interference with contract and unjust enrichment against us. Defendants filed a motion to dismiss the complaint, or in the alternative, for summary judgment on March 13, 2007. Plaintiff filed a motion for partial summary judgment on the same date. Briefing on the motions has been completed. On January 25, 2008, Law Debenture Trust Company of New York (as successor to BNY as trustee under the Indenture) was substituted for BNY as plaintiff. Oral arguments on the outstanding motions were held on April 15, 2008.

 

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We believe that these claims are without merit. Accordingly, no provision was recorded in our financial statements. For further information about the Maverick litigation, please see note 26 “Contingencies, commitments and restrictions on the distribution of profits to our consolidated financial statement included in this annual report.

Customer claim

A lawsuit was filed on September 6, 2007 against our subsidiary Maverick, alleging negligence, gross negligence and intentional acts characterized as fraudulent inducement concerning allegedly defective well casing. Plaintiff alleges the complete loss of one natural gas production well and “formation damage” that precludes further exploration and production at the well site. Plaintiff seeks compensatory and punitive damages of $25 million. On September 10, 2007, this lawsuit was tendered to Maverick’s insurer and on September 26, 2007, Maverick received the insurer’s agreement to provide a defense. The insurer has reserved its rights regarding any potential indemnity obligation. No provision related to this claim has been recorded in our financial statements.

European Commission Fine

On January 25, 2007, the Court of Justice of the European Commission confirmed the December 8, 1998 decision by the European Commission to fine eight international steel pipe manufacturers, including Dalmine, for violation of European competition laws. Pursuant to the Court’s decision, Dalmine is required to pay a fine of Euro 10.1 million plus interest (approximately $13.3 million plus interest). Since the infringements for which the fine was imposed took place prior to the acquisition of Dalmine by Tenaris in 1996, Dalmine’s former owner has reimbursed Dalmine for 84.1% of the fine. The remaining 15.9% of the fine has been paid out in 2007 of the provision that Dalmine established in 1999 for such proceeding.

U.S. Seamless Steel Pipe Antidumping Duty Proceedings

From 1995 until last year, our OCTG and certain other products were subject to antidumping duties in the United States. We brought repeated legal challenges to the imposition of these antidumping duties and on May 31, 2007, the U.S. International Trade Commission, or U.S. ITC, issued a negative determination of continuation or recurrence of dumping if the order were revoked. As a consequence of this decision the antidumping orders against OCTG from Argentina, Italy, Japan and Mexico were revoked. The U.S. petitioners appealed the ITC determination before the Court of International Trade (CIT) in respect to Argentina, Italy and Japan.

Argentina and the United States have suspended WTO procedures regarding the 2001 Sunset review on OCTG in light of the revocation of the antidumping order. These proceedings could be reactivated in the event that the order is reinstated.

Consequently, for the time being there are no antidumping duty orders in force affecting Tenaris products from Argentina, Italy and Mexico.

 

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The United States maintains antidumping orders affecting some Tenaris tubular products from the following origins:

 

 

Japan: In June 2000, the United States imposed antidumping duty orders on large and small diameter seamless SL&P from Japan, with the exception of large diameter line pipe used in deep water applications. The antidumping duty rate for large diameter line pipe from NKKTubes is 68.88% and for small diameter is 70.43%. In April 2006 the U.S. government has extended for additional five years its antidumping duties against small and large diameter seamless line pipe, standard and pressure pipe from Japan.

 

 

Romania: SL&P pipe exports to the United States from Romania were subject to antidumping duties at a rate of 1.35% since August 2000. Subsequently, the U.S. government conducted administrative reviews in which it determined the appropriate level of antidumping duties to be zero percent during two consecutive years. During the third and fourth reviews, the U.S. government found the margin to be 15.15%, which is the current antidumping duty rate. In April 2006, the U.S. government extended for an additional five years the antidumping duties against small diameter seamless pipe, standard and pressure pipe from Romania. The decision has been appealed before the CIT, but the CIT upheld the ITC decision.

Conversion of tax loss carry-forwards

On December 18, 2000, the Argentine tax authorities notified Siderca of an income tax assessment related to the conversion of tax loss carry-forwards into Debt Consolidation Bonds under Argentine Law No. 24.073. The adjustments proposed by the tax authorities represent an estimated contingency of ARS 76.8 million (approximately $24.4 million) at December 31, 2007, in taxes and penalties. We believe that the ultimate resolution of the matter will not result in a material obligation. Accordingly, no provision was recorded in our financial statements.

Asbestos-Related Litigation

Dalmine is currently subject to 13 civil proceedings for work-related injuries arising from the use of asbestos in its manufacturing processes during the period from 1960 to 1980. In addition, another 46 asbestos related out-of-court claims and one civil party claim have been forwarded to Dalmine, as of March 31, 2008.

As of March 31, 2008, the total claims pending against Dalmine were 60 (of which, three are covered by insurance): during 2007, 29 new claims were filed, two claims were adjudicated, two claims were dismissed and no claims were settled. During the first quarter of 2008, four new claims were filed, one claim was adjudicated, no claims were dismissed and no claims were settled. Aggregate settlement costs to date for Tenaris are Euro 5.9 million. Dalmine estimates that its potential liability in connection with the claims not yet settled as of March 31, 2008 is approximately Euro 20.7 million ($32.7 million).

Accruals for Dalmine’s potential liability are based on the average of the amounts paid by Dalmine for asbestos-related claims plus an additional amount related to some reimbursements requested by the social security authority. The maximum potential liability is not determinable as in some cases the requests for damages do not specify amounts, and instead is to be determined by the court. The timing of payment of the amounts claimed is not presently determinable.

Other proceedings

We are also involved in legal proceedings incidental to the normal conduct of our business, for which we have made provisions in accordance with our corporate policy and any applicable rules. We believe that our provisions are adequate. Based on the information currently available to us, we do not believe that the outcomes of these proceedings are likely to be, individually or in the aggregate, material to our consolidated financial position.

Dividend Policy

We do not have, and have no current plans to establish, a formal dividend policy governing the amount and payment of dividends. The amount and payment of dividends has to be determined by a majority vote of our shareholders, generally, but not necessarily, based on the recommendation of our board of directors. Our controlling shareholder has the discretion to determine the amount and payment of future dividends. All shares of our capital stock rank pari passu with respect to the payment of dividends.

On June 4, 2008, the Company’s shareholders approved an annual dividend in the amount of $0.38 per share of common stock currently issued and outstanding. The amount approved included the interim dividend previously paid in November 2007, in the amount of $0.13 per share. The balance, amounting to $0.25 per share ($0.50 per ADS), was paid on June 26, 2008. In the aggregate, the interim dividend paid in November 2007 and the balance paid in June 2008 amounted to approximately $450 million.

 

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On June 6, 2007, the Company’s shareholders approved an annual dividend in the amount of $0.30 per share of common stock currently issued and outstanding, which in the aggregate amounted to approximately $354 million. The cash dividend was paid on June 21, 2007.

On June 7, 2006, the Company’s shareholders approved an annual dividend in the amount of $0.30 per share of common stock currently issued and outstanding. The amount approved included the interim dividend previously paid on November 16, 2005, in the amount of $0.127 per share. We paid the balance of the annual dividend amounting to $0.173 per share ($0.346 per ADS) on June 16, 2006. In the aggregate, the interim dividend paid in November 2005 and the balance paid in June 2006 amounted to approximately $354 million.

The Company conducts and will continue to conduct all of its operations through subsidiaries and, accordingly, its main source of cash to pay dividends, among other possible sources, will be the dividends received from its subsidiaries. See Item 3.D. “Risk Factors – Risks Relating to the Structure of the Company – As a holding company, our ability to pay cash dividends depends on the results of operations and financial condition of our subsidiaries and could be restricted by legal, contractual or other limitations.” The Company’s ability to pay cash dividends depends on the results of operations and financial condition of its subsidiaries and may be restricted by legal, contractual or other limitations.

Dividends may be lawfully declared and paid if the Company’s profits and distributable reserves are sufficient under Luxembourg law. The board of directors has power to initiate dividend installments pursuant to Luxembourg law, but payment of the dividends must be approved by the Company’s shareholders at the annual shareholders’ meeting, subject to the approval of our annual accounts.

Under Luxembourg law, at least 5% of the Company’s net profits per year must be allocated to the creation of a legal reserve until such reserve has reached an amount equal to 10% of our share capital. If the legal reserve later falls below the 10% threshold, at least 5% of net profits again must be allocated toward the reserve. The legal reserve is not available for distribution. At December 31, 2007, the Company’s legal reserve represented 10% of its share capital.

 

B. Significant Changes

Except as otherwise disclosed in this annual report, there has been no undisclosed significant change since the date of the annual financial statements.

 

Item 9. The Offer and Listing

 

A. Offer and Listing Details

The Company’s shares are listed on the Buenos Aires Stock Exchange and the Mexican Stock Exchange and its ADSs are listed on the NYSE under the symbol “TS.” The Company’s shares are also listed on the Italian Stock Exchange under the symbol “TEN.” Trading on the NYSE, the Buenos Aires Stock Exchange and the Mexican Stock Exchange began on December 16, 2002, and trading on the Italian Stock Exchange began on December 17, 2002.

As of May 31, 2008, a total of 1,180,536,830 shares were registered in the Company’s shareholder register. As of May 31, 2008, a total of 328,206,016 shares were registered in the name of the depositary for the Company’s ADR program. On May 30, 2008, the closing sales price for the Company’s ADSs on the NYSE was $61.30, its shares on the Italian Stock Exchange was €19.69, on the Buenos Aires Stock Exchange was ARS99.00 and on the Mexico Stock Exchange was MXP309.75.

 

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New York Stock Exchange

As of May 31, 2008, a total of 164,103,008 ADSs were registered of record. Each ADSs represents 2 shares of the Company’s stock. Since February 28, 2008, The Bank of New York Mellon has acted as the Company’s depositary for issuing ADRs evidencing the ADSs, as successor depositary agent to JP Morgan Chase. Fluctuations between the Euro and the U.S. dollar will affect the U.S. dollar equivalent of the price of the shares on the Italian Stock Exchange and the price of the ADSs on the NYSE. Fluctuations between the Argentine peso and the U.S. dollar will affect the U.S. dollar equivalent of the price of the shares on the Buenos Aires Stock Exchange and the price of the ADSs on the NYSE. Fluctuations between the Mexican peso and the U.S. dollar will affect the U.S. dollar equivalent of the price of the shares on the Mexico Stock Exchange and the price of the ADSs on the NYSE.

The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high and low quoted prices for the Company’s shares, in the form of ADSs, traded on the NYSE (“Source: Bloomberg LP”).

 

     Price per ADS
2003    High    Low

Full year

   6.66    3.86
     Price per ADS
2004    High    Low

Full year

   10.29    5.62
     Price per ADS
2005    High    Low

Full year

   28.58    9.04
   Price per ADS
2006    High    Low

First quarter

   37.25    24.42

Second quarter*

   48.26    31.85

Third quarter

   40.95    34.32

Fourth quarter

   51.02    34.05

Full year

   51.02    24.42
     Price per ADS
2007    High    Low

First quarter

   50.35    41.48

Second quarter

   49.85    43.50

Third quarter

   53.05    42.56

Fourth quarter

   54.75    43.00

Full year

   54.75    41.48
     Price per ADS
Last Six Months    High    Low

December 2007

   47.11    43.00

January 2008

   44.85    36.52

February 2008

   44.65    37.30

March 2008

   49.89    45.00

April 2008

   55.75    49.90

May 2008

   61.30    53.35

 

  * The ratio of ordinary shares per ADS was changed from a ratio of one ADS equal to ten ordinary shares to a new ratio of one ADS equal to two ordinary shares in April 2006. Prices for the ADSs before this date have been restated using the new ratio.

 

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Italian Stock Exchange

The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high and low quoted prices for the Company’s shares (in Euros per share), traded on the Italian Stock Exchange (“Source: Bloomberg LP”).

 

     Price per Share
2003    High    Low

Full year

   2.64    1.79
     Price per Share
2004    High    Low

Full year

   3.92    2.39
     Price per Share
2005    High    Low

Full year

   11.74    3.37
     Price per Share
2006    High    Low

First quarter

   15.30    10.03

Second quarter

   18.72    12.84

Third quarter

   15.99    13.47

Fourth quarter

   19.63    13.54

Full year

   19.63    10.03
     Price per Share
2007    High    Low

First quarter

   19.29    15.58

Second quarter

   18.30    16.11

Third quarter

   19.13    15.85

Fourth quarter

   18.82    14.96

Full year

   19.29    14.96
     Price per Share
Last Six Months    High    Low

December 2007

   15.92    14.96

January 2008

   15.04    12.18

February 2008

   14.71    12.65

March 2008

   16.00    14.43

April 2008

   17.57    15.86

May 2008

   19.71    17.09

The Italian Stock Exchange, managed by Borsa Italiana, S.p.A., was founded in 1997 following the privatization of the exchange and became operational on January 2, 1998.

Borsa Italiana S.p.A. organizes and manages the Italian Stock Exchange with the participation of nearly 130 domestic and international brokers who operate in Italy or from abroad through remote membership, using a completely electronic trading system for the real-time execution of trades. Blue-chip securities shall be traded using the auction and continuous trading method from 8:00 A.M. to 5:35 P.M. each business day.

Buenos Aires Stock Exchange

The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high and low quoted prices for the Company’s shares (in nominal Argentine pesos per share), traded on the Buenos Aires Stock Exchange (“Source: Bloomberg LP”).

 

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     Price per Share
2003    High    Low

Full year

   9.86    6.35
     Price per Share
2004    High    Low

Full year

   15.05    8.15
     Price per Share
2005    High    Low

Full year

   41.05    13.35
     Price per Share
2006    High    Low

First quarter

   57.15    36.45

Second quarter

   72.30    49.20

Third quarter

   62.85    53.00

Fourth quarter

   75.60    53.00

Full year

   75.60    36.45
     Price per Share
2007    High    Low

First quarter

   76.10    63.70

Second quarter

   75.80    67.00

Third quarter

   83.50    68.70

Fourth quarter

   86.45    67.80

Full year

   86.45    63.70
     Price per Share
Last Six Months    High    Low

December 2007

   73.80    67.80

January 2008

   70.20    54.00

February 2008

   72.50    59.95

March 2008

   80.20    70.90

April 2008

   89.50    80.10

May 2008

   99.15    86.00

The Buenos Aires Stock Market, which is affiliated with the Buenos Aires Stock Exchange, is the largest stock market in Argentina. The Buenos Aires Stock Market is a corporation whose approximately 130 shareholder members are the only individuals and entities authorized to trade in securities listed on the Buenos Aires Stock Exchange. Trading on the Buenos Aires Stock Exchange is conducted electronically or by continuous open outcry from 11:00 A.M. to 5:00 P.M. each business day.

Although the Buenos Aires Stock Exchange is one of Latin America’s largest securities exchanges in terms of market capitalization, it remains relatively small and illiquid compared to major world markets and, therefore, subject to greater volatility.

Mexican Stock Exchange

The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high and low quoted prices for the Company’s shares (in nominal Mexican pesos per share), traded on the Mexican Stock Exchange (“Source: Bloomberg LP”).

 

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     Price per Share
2003    High    Low

Full year

   36.00    19.81
     Price per Share
2004    High    Low

Full year

   57.35    33.00
     Price per Share
2005    High    Low

Full year

   152.00    51.95
     Price per Share
2006    High    Low

First quarter

   200.52    130.31

Second quarter

   258.50    187.00

Third quarter

   229.60    190.00

Fourth quarter

   276.50    189.70

Full year

   276.50    130.31
     Price per Share
2007    High    Low

First quarter

   274.71    233.00

Second quarter

   267.54    236.64

Third quarter

   289.00    237.23

Fourth quarter

   295.00    244.38

Full year

   295.00    233.00
     Price per Share
Last Six Months    High    Low

December 2007

   252.50    244.38

January 2008

   232.00    195.00

February 2008

   240.00    198.26

March 2008

   265.98    240.41

April 2008

   291.85    264.00

May 2008

   317.18    281.31

The Mexican Stock Exchange is the only stock exchange in Mexico. Trading on the Mexican Stock Exchange is conducted electronically from 8:30 A.M. to 3:00 P.M. each business day.

Although the Mexican Stock Exchange is one of Latin America’s largest securities exchanges in terms of market capitalization, it remains relatively small and illiquid compared to major world markets and, therefore, subject to greater volatility.

 

B. Plan of Distribution

Not applicable.

 

C. Markets

See “—Offer and Listing Details”.

 

D. Selling Shareholders

Not applicable.

 

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E. Dilution

Not applicable.

 

F. Expenses of the Issue

Not applicable.

 

Item 10. Additional Information

 

A. Share Capital

Not applicable.

 

B. Memorandum and Articles of Association

General

The following is a summary of certain rights of holders of the Company’s shares. These rights are set out in our articles of association or are provided by applicable Luxembourg law, and may differ from those typically provided to shareholders of U.S. companies under the corporation laws of some states of the United States of America. This summary is not exhaustive and does not contain all information that may be important to you. For more complete information, you should read our articles of association, which is an exhibit to this annual report.

The Company is a joint stock corporation (société anonyme holding) organized under the laws of Luxembourg. Its object and purpose, as set forth in Article 2 of its articles of association, is the taking of interests, in any form, in corporations or other business entities, and the administration, management, control and development thereof. The Company is registered under the number B85 203 in the Registre du Commerce et des Sociétés.

We have an authorized share capital of a single class of 2,500,000,000 shares with a par value of $1.00 per share upon issue. There were 1,180,536,830 shares issued as of May 31, 2008. All shares are fully paid.

The authorized share capital is fixed by our articles of association as amended from time to time with the approval of shareholders on an extraordinary shareholders’ meeting. There are no redemption or sinking fund provisions in the articles of association.

Our articles of association authorize the board of directors for a period of five years following publication of the authorization in the Luxembourg official gazette to increase from time to time its issued share capital in whole or in part within the limits of the authorized capital. On June 6, 2007, the shareholders renewed this authority for an additional five years. Accordingly, until 2012, the Company’s board of directors may issue, without further authorization, up to 1,319,463,170 additional shares. Under its articles of association, any issuance of new shares of the Company pursuant to the authorization granted to its board of directors must grant its existing shareholders a preferential right to subscribe for such newly-issued shares, except:

 

   

in circumstances in which the shares are issued for consideration other than money;

 

   

with respect to shares issued as compensation to directors, officers, agents or employees, its subsidiaries or affiliates; and

 

   

with respect to shares issued to satisfy conversion or option rights created to provide compensation to directors, officers, agents or employees, its subsidiaries or affiliates.

 

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Any shares to be issued as compensation or to satisfy conversion or option rights may not exceed 1.5% of our issued capital stock.

Amendment of our articles of association requires the approval of shareholders at an extraordinary shareholders’ meeting with a two-thirds majority of the votes present or represented.

Dividends

Subject to applicable law, all shares (including shares underlying ADSs) are entitled to participate equally in dividends when, as and if declared by the general shareholders’ meeting out of funds legally available for such purposes. Under Luxembourg law, claims for dividends will lapse five years after the date such dividends are declared. Shareholders may, at the general shareholders’ meeting, which every shareholder has the right to attend in person or by proxy, declare a dividend under Article 21 of our articles of association.

Under Article 21 of the articles of association, our board of directors has the power to pay interim dividends in accordance with the conditions set forth in Section 72-2 of the amended Luxembourg law of 10th August, 1915 on commercial companies.

Voting Rights; Shareholders’ Meetings; Election of Directors

Each share entitles the holder to one vote at the Company’s general shareholders’ meetings. Shareholder action by written consent is not permitted, but proxy voting is permitted. Notices of general shareholders’ meetings are governed by the provisions of Luxembourg law and the Company’s articles of association. Notices of such meetings must be published twice, at least at ten (10) days intervals, the second notice appearing at least ten (10) days prior to the meeting, in the Luxembourg Official Gazette and in a leading newspaper having general circulation in Luxembourg. If an extraordinary general shareholders’ meeting is adjourned for lack of a quorum, notices must be published twice, in the Luxembourg Official Gazette and two Luxembourg newspapers, at twenty (20) days intervals, the second notice appearing at least twenty (20) days prior to the meeting. In case our shares are listed on a foreign regulated market, notices of general shareholders’ meetings shall also be published in accordance with the publicity requirements of such regulated market. At an ordinary general shareholders’ meeting, there is no quorum requirement, and resolutions are adopted by a simple majority vote of the shares present or represented and voted. An extraordinary general shareholders’ meeting must have a quorum of at least 50% of the issued and outstanding shares. If a quorum is not reached, such meeting may be reconvened at a later date with no quorum requirements by means of the appropriate notification procedures provided for by Luxembourg company law. In both cases, Luxembourg company law and the Company’s articles of association require that any resolution of an extraordinary general shareholders’ meeting be adopted by a two-thirds majority vote of the shares present or represented. If a proposed resolution consists of changing the Company’s nationality or of increasing the shareholders’ commitments, the unanimous consent of all shareholders is required. Directors are elected at an ordinary meeting. Cumulative voting is not permitted. As our articles of association do not provide for staggered terms, directors are elected for a maximum of one year and may be reappointed or removed at any time, with or without cause, by a majority vote of the shares present or represented and voted.

Our annual ordinary general shareholders’ meeting is held at 11:00 A.M., Luxembourg time, on the first Wednesday of June of each year at the place indicated in the notices of meeting. If that day is a legal or banking holiday in Luxembourg, the meeting shall be held on the following business day.

Any shareholder who holds one or more of our shares on the fifth calendar day preceding the general shareholders’ meeting (the “Record Date”) shall be admitted to a general shareholders’ meeting. Those shareholders who have sold their shares between the Record Date and the date of the general shareholders’ meeting, may not attend or be represented at the meeting.

 

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In the case of shares held through fungible securities accounts, each shareholder may exercise all rights attached to his shares and, in particular, may participate in and vote at shareholders’ meetings of the Company upon presentation of a certificate issued by the financial institution or professional depositary holding the shares, evidencing such deposit and certifying the number of shares recorded in the relevant account on the Record Date. Such certificate must be filed at least five days before the meeting with the Company at its registered address or at the address stated in the convening notice or, in case the shares of the Company are listed on a regulated market, with an agent of the Company located in the country of the listing and designated in the convening notice. In the event that the shareholder votes by proxy, he shall file the required certificate and a completed proxy form within the same period of time at the registered office of the Company or with any local agent of the Company duly authorized to receive such proxies.

The board of directors and the shareholders’ meeting may, if they deem so advisable, reduce these periods of time for all shareholders and admit all shareholders (or their proxies) who have filed the appropriate documents to the general shareholders’ meeting, irrespective of these time limits.

Access to Corporate Records

Luxembourg law and our articles of association do not generally provide for shareholder access to corporate records. Shareholders may inspect the annual accounts and auditors’ reports at our registered office during the fifteen day period prior to a general shareholders’ meeting.

Appraisal Rights

In the event that the Company’s shareholders approve:

 

   

the delisting of the Company’s shares from all stock exchanges where its shares are listed at that time,

 

   

a merger in which the Company is not the surviving entity (unless the shares or other equity securities of such entity are listed on the New York or London stock exchanges),

 

   

a sale, lease, exchange or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company,

 

   

an amendment of our articles of association that has the effect of materially changing the Company’s corporate purpose,

 

   

the relocation of the Company’s domicile outside of Luxembourg, or

 

   

amendments to our articles of association that restrict the rights of the Company’s shareholders;

dissenting or absent shareholders have the right to have their shares repurchased by the Company at (i) the average market value of the shares over the 90 calendar days preceding the shareholders’ meeting or (ii) in the event that the Company’s shares are not traded on a regulated market, the amount that results from applying the proportion of the Company’s equity that the shares being sold represent over the Company’s net worth as of the date of the applicable shareholders’ meeting.

Dissenting or absent shareholders must present their claim within one month following the date of the shareholders’ meeting and supply the Company with evidence of their shareholding at the time of the meeting. The Company must (to the extent permitted by applicable laws and regulations and in compliance therewith) repurchase its shares within six months following the date of the shareholders’ meeting. If delisting from one or more, but not all, of the stock exchanges where the Company’s shares are listed is approved, only dissenting or absent shareholders with shares held through participants in the local clearing system for that market or markets can exercise this appraisal right if:

 

 

they held the shares as of the date of the Company’s announcement of its intention to delist or as of the date of publication of the call for the shareholders’ meeting that approved the delisting; and

 

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they present their claim within one month following the date of the shareholders’ meeting and supply evidence of their shareholding as of the date of the Company’s announcement or the publication of the call to the meeting.

Shareholders who voted in favor of the relevant resolution are not entitled to appraisal rights.

Distribution of Assets on Winding-up

In the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding-up, the assets remaining after allowing for the payment of all debts and expenses will be paid out to the holders of the shares in proportion to their respective holdings.

Transferability and Form

Our articles of association do not contain any redemption or sinking fund provisions, nor do they impose any restrictions on the transfer of our shares. The shares are issuable in registered form.

Pursuant to our articles of association, the ownership of registered shares is evidenced by the inscription of the name of the shareholder, the number of shares held by him and the amount paid on each share in our shareholders’ register. In addition, our articles of association provide that our shares may be held through fungible securities accounts with financial institutions or other professional depositaries. Shares held through fungible securities accounts have the same rights and obligations as shares recorded in our shareholders’ register.

Shares held through fungible securities accounts may be transferred in accordance with customary procedures for the transfer of securities in book-entry form. Shares that are not held through fungible securities accounts may be transferred by a written statement of transfer signed by both the transferor and the transferee or their respective duly appointed attorney-in-fact and recorded in our shareholders’ register. The transfer of shares may also be made in accordance with the provisions of Article 1690 of the Luxembourg Civil Code. As evidence of the transfer of registered shares, we may also accept any correspondence or other documents evidencing the agreement between transferor and transferee as to the transfer of registered shares.

Fortis Banque Luxembourg S.A. maintains our shareholders’ register.

Limitation on Securities Ownership

There are no limitations currently imposed by Luxembourg law or the articles of association on the rights of our non-resident shareholders to hold or vote our shares.

Change in Control

None of our outstanding securities has any special control rights. Our articles of association do not contain any provision that would have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of the Company and that would operate only with respect to a merger, acquisition or corporate restructuring involving the Company. In addition, the Company does not know of any significant agreements or other arrangements to which the Company is a party and which take effect, alter or terminate in the event of a change of control of the Company. There are no agreements between us and members of our board of directors or employees providing for compensation if they resign or are made redundant without reason, or if their employment ceases pursuant to a takeover bid.

There are no rights associated with the Company’s shares other than those described above.

 

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C. Material Contracts

For a summary of any material contract entered into by us outside of the ordinary course of business during the last two years, see Item 4. “Information on the Company”.

 

D. Exchange Controls

Many of the countries which are important markets for us or in which we have substantial assets have histories of substantial government intervention in currency markets, volatile exchange rates and government-imposed currency controls. These include Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Romania and Venezuela. Venezuela and Argentina have exchange controls or limitations on capital flows, including requirements for the repatriation of export earnings, in place.

Venezuela

Venezuela imposed the current system of exchange rate controls in 2003. The Foreign Currency Administration Commission, or CADIVI, was created for the purpose of administering the new exchange control regime. Under the current exchange control regime, all purchases and sales of foreign currencies must take place with the Venezuelan central bank. The Ministry of Finance, together with the Venezuelan Central Bank, is responsible for setting the official exchange rates between the Venezuelan Bolivar and the U.S. dollar and other currencies. Currently, the exchange of the Bolivar, which was last set in March 2005, is fixed at Bs. 2147 to the U.S. dollar for purchase operations.

Argentina

Since 2002, the Argentine government has maintained a “dirty” float of the peso. In order to reduce volatility in the exchange rate several rules and regulations have been introduced by the Argentine Government since the Public Emergency Law of January 2002. The following limitations apply to the transfer of currency in and out of Argentina:

 

   

Certain inflows for the purpose of investments in the capital markets must post a non-transferable, non-remunerative deposit denominated in U.S. dollars for an amount equal to 30% of the underlying transaction. This deposit shall be held for a period of 365 calendar days and may not be used as collateral in any credit transaction;

 

   

Outflows from proceeds of investments in capital markets are restricted and subject to requirements, such as, in certain cases, the maintenance of the investment for a specific period of time;

 

   

inflows and outflows of foreign currency into the local exchange market, and indebtedness transactions by local residents that may result in a foreign currency payment to non-residents, must be registered with the Argentine Central Bank; and

 

   

funds from export revenues or financial loans received which are credited in foreign currency overseas must be converted into local currency and credited to a local banking account within a specific period of time.

Regulations issued by the Central Bank establish specific exceptions pursuant to which some of these requirements may not apply to foreign trade, export finance related transactions and certain medium term financial loans (which comply with particular requirements), nor to the primary placement of publicly traded securities listed in one or more exchange markets.

 

E. Taxation

The following discussion of the material Luxembourg and United States federal income tax consequences of an investment in our ADSs is based upon laws and relevant interpretations thereof in effect as of the date of this annual report, all of which are subject to change. This discussion does not address all possible tax consequences relating to an investment in our ADSs, such as the tax consequences under United States state and local tax laws.

 

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Grand Duchy of Luxembourg

This section describes the material Luxembourg tax consequences of owning or disposing of ADSs.

You should consult your own tax adviser regarding the Luxembourg tax consequences of owning and disposing of ADSs in your particular circumstances.

Holding company status

The tax treatment described below results from the tax status of the Company as a holding company under the law of July 31, 1929 and the “billionaire” provisions relating thereto.

Following a decision by the European Commission, the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg has terminated its 1929 holding company regime, effective January 1, 2007. However, under the implementing legislation, pre-existing publicly-listed companies –including the Company– are entitled to continue benefiting from their current tax regime until December 31, 2010. Upon termination of the mentioned regime the Company and its shareholders may be subject to additional tax burdens, as described in Item 3.D “Risks Relating to the Structure of the Company”.

Ownership and disposition of the Company’s ADSs

Holders of the Company’s ADSs will not be subject to Luxembourg income tax, wealth tax or capital gains tax in respect of those ADSs, except for:

 

 

individual residents of Luxembourg, entities organized in Luxembourg or entities domiciled or having a permanent establishment in Luxembourg. For purposes of Luxembourg tax law, you are deemed to be an individual resident in Luxembourg, subject to treaty provisions, if you have your domicile or your usual place of residence in Luxembourg, or

 

 

non-resident holders are taxed with respect to the disposition of the Company’s ADSs held for six months or less if such non-resident holder has owned alone, or together with his spouse or minor children, directly or indirectly at any time during the five years preceding the date of disposition more than 10% of the Company’s share capital, or

 

 

non-resident holders are taxed with respect to the disposition of the Company’s ADSs held for six months or more (x) if such non-resident holder has owned alone, or together with his spouse or minor children, directly or indirectly, at any time during the five years preceding the date of disposition, more than 10% of the Company’s share capital and (y) was a Luxembourg resident taxpayer for more than 15 years and has become a non-resident tax payer less than 5 years before the moment of disposition of the ADSs.

No inheritance tax is payable by a holder of the Company’s ADSs except if the deceased holder was a resident of Luxembourg at the time of death.

There is no Luxembourg transfer duty or stamp tax on the purchase or disposition of the ADSs.

Dividends received on the Company’s ADSs by non-Luxembourg resident holders

Currently no withholding tax applies in Luxembourg on dividends distributed by the Company. No taxes apply in Luxembourg on dividends received by holders who are not resident in Luxembourg and who do not maintain a permanent establishment in Luxembourg to which the holding of the ADSs is effectively connected. However withholding taxes may apply upon the termination of our tax-exempt status on December 31, 2010 as explained in Item 3.D “Risks Relating to the Structure of the Company”.

 

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United States federal income taxation

This section describes the material United States federal income tax consequences to a U.S. holder (as defined below) of owning ADSs. It applies to you only if you hold your ADSs as capital assets for tax purposes. This section does not apply to you if you are a member of a special class of holders subject to special rules, including:

 

   

a dealer in securities,

 

   

a bank,

 

   

a trader in securities that elects to use a mark-to-market method of accounting for securities holdings,

 

   

a tax-exempt organization,

 

   

a person who invests through a pass-through entity, including a partnership,

 

   

a life insurance company,

 

   

a person liable for alternative minimum tax,

 

   

a person that actually or constructively owns 10% or more of the Company’s voting stock or its ADSs,

 

   

a person that holds ADSs as part of a straddle or a hedging or conversion transaction, or

 

   

a person whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar.

This section is based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, its legislative history, existing and proposed regulations, published rulings and court decisions, as well as on the Income Tax Treaty between Luxembourg and the United States (the “Treaty”). These laws are subject to change, possibly on a retroactive basis. In addition, this section is based in part upon the representations of the depositary and the assumption that each obligation in the deposit agreement and any related agreement will be performed in accordance with its terms.

If a partnership holds the ADSs, the tax treatment of a partner will generally depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Each such partner holding the ADSs is urged to consult his, her or its own tax advisor.

You are a U.S. holder if you are a beneficial owner of ADSs and you are:

 

   

a citizen or resident of the United States,

 

   

a domestic corporation,

 

   

an estate whose income is subject to United States federal income tax regardless of its source, or

 

   

a trust if a United States court can exercise primary supervision over the trust’s administration and one or more United States persons are authorized to control all substantial decisions of the trust.

In general, and taking into account the earlier assumptions, for United States federal income tax purposes, if you hold ADRs evidencing ADSs, you will be treated as the owner of the shares represented by those ADRs. Exchanges of shares for ADRs, and ADRs for shares, generally will not be subject to United States federal income tax.

 

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Taxation of dividends

Under the United States federal income tax laws, and subject to the passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, rules discussed below, if you are a U.S. holder, the gross amount of any dividend the Company pays out of its current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined for United States federal income tax purposes) is subject to United States federal income taxation. If you are a non-corporate U.S. holder, dividends paid to you in taxable years beginning before January 1, 2011 that constitute qualified dividend income will be taxable to you at a maximum tax rate of 15% provided that you hold the shares or ADSs for more than 60 days during the 121-day period beginning 60 days before the ex-dividend date and meet other holding period requirements. Dividends the Company pays with respect to the ADSs generally will be qualified dividends.

You must include any Luxembourg tax withheld from the dividend payment in this gross amount even though you do not in fact receive it. The dividend is taxable to you when you, in the case of shares, or the depositary, in the case of ADSs, receive the dividend, actually or constructively. The dividend will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction generally allowed to United States corporations in respect of dividends received from other United States corporations. Distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for United States federal income tax purposes, will be treated as a non-taxable return of capital to the extent of your basis in the ADSs and thereafter as capital gain.

Subject to certain limitations, any Luxembourg tax withheld in accordance with the Treaty and paid over to Luxembourg will be creditable against your United States federal income tax liability. Special rules apply in determining the foreign tax credit limitation with respect to dividends that are subject to the maximum 15% tax rate. To the extent a refund of the tax withheld is available to you under Luxembourg law or under the Treaty, the amount of tax withheld that is refundable will not be eligible for credit against your United States federal income tax liability.

Dividends will be income from sources outside the United States, but dividends paid in taxable years beginning before January 1, 2007 generally will be “passive” or “financial services” income, and dividends paid in taxable years beginning after December 31, 2006 will, depending on your circumstances, be “passive” or “general” income which, in either case, is treated separately from other types of income for purposes of computing the foreign tax credit allowable to you.

Taxation of capital gains

Subject to the PFIC rules discussed below, if you are a U.S. holder and you sell or otherwise dispose of your ADSs, you will recognize capital gain or loss for United States federal income tax purposes equal to the difference between the U.S. dollar value of the amount that you realize and your tax basis, determined in U.S. dollars, in your ADSs. Capital gain of a non-corporate U.S. holder that is recognized in taxable years beginning before January 1, 2011 is generally taxed at a maximum rate of 15% where the holder has a holding period greater than one year. The gain or loss will generally be income or loss from sources within the United States for foreign tax credit limitation purposes.

PFIC rules

Based on the Company’s expected income and assets, we believe that the ADSs should not be treated as stock of a PFIC for United States federal income tax purposes, but this conclusion is a factual determination that is made annually and thus may be subject to change. If the Company were to be treated as a PFIC, unless a U.S. holder elects to be taxed annually on a mark-to-market basis with respect to the ADSs, gain realized on the sale or other disposition of your ADSs would in general not be treated as capital gain. Instead, if you are a U.S. Holder, you would be treated as if you had realized such gain and certain “excess distributions” ratably over your holding period for the ADSs and would be taxed at the highest tax rate in effect for each such year to which the gain was allocated, together with an interest charge in respect of the tax attributable to each such year. With certain exceptions, your ADSs will be treated as stock in a PFIC if the Company were a PFIC at any time during your holding period in your ADSs. Dividends that you receive from the Company and that are not treated as excess distributions will not be eligible for the special tax rates applicable to qualified dividend income if the Company is treated as a PFIC with respect to you either in the taxable year of the distribution or the preceding taxable year, but instead will be taxable at rates applicable to ordinary income.

 

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F. Dividends and Paying Agents

Not applicable.

 

G. Statement by Experts

Not applicable.

 

H. Documents on Display

We are required to file annual and special reports and other information with the SEC. You may read and copy any documents filed by the Company at the SEC’s public reference room at 100 F Street, N.E., Room 1580 Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the public reference room. The SEC also maintains a website at http://www.sec.gov which contains reports and other information regarding registrants that file electronically with the SEC.

We are subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act of 1934, as applied to foreign private issuers. Because we are a foreign private issuer, the SEC’s rules do not require us to deliver proxy statements or to file quarterly reports. In addition, our “insiders” are not subject to the SEC’s rules that prohibit short-swing trading. We prepare quarterly and annual reports containing consolidated financial statements. Our annual consolidated financial statements are certified by an independent accounting firm. We submit quarterly financial information with the SEC on Form 6-K simultaneously with or promptly following the publication of that information in Luxembourg or any other jurisdiction in which our securities are listed, and will file annual reports on Form 20-F within the time period required by the SEC, which is currently six months from the close of the fiscal year on December 31. These quarterly and annual reports may be reviewed at the SEC’s Public Reference Room. Reports and other information filed electronically with the SEC are also available at the SEC’s website.

As a foreign private issuer under the Securities Act, we are not subject to the proxy rules of Section 14 of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) or the insider short-swing profit reporting requirements of Section 16 of the Exchange Act.

The Company has appointed The Bank of New York Mellon to act as depositary for its ADSs. During the time there continue to be ADSs deposited with the depositary, it will furnish the depositary with:

 

 

our annual reports, and

 

 

summaries of all notices of shareholders’ meetings and other reports and communications that are made generally available to the Company’s shareholders.

The depositary will, as provided in the deposit agreement, arrange for the mailing of summaries in English of the reports and communications to all record holders of our ADSs. Any record holder of ADSs may read the reports, notices or summaries thereof, and communications at the depositary’s office located at 101 Barclay Street, New York, New York 10286.

Whenever a reference is made in this annual report to a contract or other document, please be aware that such reference is not necessarily complete and that you should refer to the exhibits that are a part of this annual report for a copy of the contract or other document. You may review a copy of the annual report at the SEC’s public reference room in Washington, D.C.

 

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I. Subsidiary Information

Not applicable.

 

Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk

The multinational nature of our operations and customer base expose us to a variety of risks, including the effects of changes in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and, to a limited extent, commodity prices. In order to attempt to reduce the impact related to these exposures, management evaluates exposures on a consolidated basis to take advantage of natural exposure netting. For a portion of the residual exposures to the different currencies, we may enter into various derivative transactions covering all or part of them. Such derivative transactions are executed in accordance with internal guidelines in areas such as counterparty exposure and hedging practices. We do not use derivative financial instruments for trading or other speculative purposes.

Debt Structure

The following tables provide a breakdown of our debt instruments at December 31, 2007 and 2006 which included fixed and variable interest rate obligations, detailed by currency and maturity date:

 

At December 31, 2007

   Expected maturity date
     2008    2009    2010    2011    2012    Thereafter    Total(1)
     (in thousands of U.S. dollars)

Non-current Debt

                    

Fixed rate

      1,291    1,071    955    1,046    2,000    6,363

Floating rate

      1,855,120    502,701    440,496    44,972    19,814    2,863,103

Current Debt

                    

Fixed rate

   284,350    —      —      —      —      —      284,350

Floating rate

   866,429    —      —      —      —      —      866,429
                                  
   1,150,779    1,856,411    503,772    441,451    46,018    21,814    4,020,245
                                  

At December 31, 2006

   Expected maturity date
     2007    2008    2009    2010    2011    Thereafter    Total(1)
     (in thousands of U.S. dollars)

Non-current Debt

                    

Fixed rate

   —      2,134    1,425    1,384    1,314    13,633    19,890

Floating rate

   —      802,363    924,044    568,339    506,379    36,031    2,837,156

Current Debt

                    

Fixed rate

   222,610    —      —      —      —      —      222,610

Floating rate

   571,587    —      —      —      —      —      571,587
                                  
   794,197    804,497    925,469    569,723    507,693    49,664    3,651,243
                                  

 

(1) As most borrowings are based on floating rates that approximate market rates, or contractual repricing occurs every 3 to 6 months, the fair value of the borrowings approximates its carrying amount and is not disclosed separately.

The following table provides the weighted average interest rates before tax applicable to our borrowing. These rates were calculated using the rates set for each instrument in its corresponding currency as of December 31, 2007 and 2006. Changes in interest rates are primarily due to changes in the floating reference rate.

 

     2007     2006  

Bank borrowings

   5.80 %   6.12 %

Debentures and other loans

   5.50 %   5.50 %

Finance lease liabilities

   2.52 %   3.71 %

 

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Total Debt by Currency at December 31, 2007:

 

     Functional Currency
     US$    MXN    EUR    VEB    BRL    RON    JPY    CAD    Total
     (in thousands of U.S. dollars)

Debt denominated in:

                                            

US$

   2,448,380    966,140    207,530    26,422    —      —      —      —      3,648,472

EUR

   4    —      244,402    —      —      17,045    —      —      261,451

MXN

   —      40,981    —      —      —      —      —      —      40,981

ARS

   37,906    —      —      —      —      —      —      —      37,906

BRL

   —      —      —      —      20,596    —      —      —      20,596

JPY

   —      —      —      —      —      —      1,242    —      1,242

Other

   2,448    —      —      7,138    —      2    —      9    9,597
                                            
   2,488,738    1,007,121    451,932    33,560    20,596    17,047    1,242    9    4,020,245

Interest Rate Risk

Fluctuations in market interest rates create a degree of risk by affecting the amount of our interest payments and the value of our fixed rate debt. Most of our long-term borrowings are at variable rates. At December 31, 2007, we had long-term variable interest rate debt of $2,838.9 million and short-term variable interest rate debt of $324.2 million. These variable rate debts expose us to the risk of increased interest expense in the event of increases in interest rates.

On certain occasions, we have entered into interest rate derivative instruments in which we agree to exchange with the counterparty, at specified intervals, the difference between fixed and variable interest amounts calculated by reference to an agreed-upon notional amount.

Interest Rate Coverage

At December 31, 2007 and 2006, we had variable interest rate swap and collar arrangements according to the following schedule:

 

Thousands of U.S. dollars                        Fair value at
December 31, 2007
 

Type of derivative

  

Reference rate

   Average rate (fixed
or floor-cap)
  

Expiry

   Notional
amount
  

Interest rate collars

   Libor 6M    3.9% - 5.4%    2008    1,500,000    —    

Interest rate collars

   Libor 6M    4.45% - 5.4%    2008    800,000    (2,922 )

Pay fixed / Receive variable

   Euribor 6M    5.72%    2010    3,756    (91 )
                  
               (3,013 )
                  
Thousands of U.S. dollars                        Fair value at
December 31, 2006
 

Type of derivative

  

Reference rate

   Average rate (fixed
or floor-cap)
  

Expiry

   Notional
amount
  

Interest rate collars

   Libor 6M    4.33% - 5.40%    2008    1,500,00    712  

Pay fixed / Receive variable

   Euribor 6M    5.17%    2010    21,253    (232 )
                  
               480  
                  

 

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Foreign exchange rate risk

We manufacture our products in a number of countries and sell them through a number of companies located throughout the world and as a result we are exposed to foreign exchange rate risk. We use forward contracts in order to neutralize the negative impact of fluctuations in the value of currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Because a number of subsidiaries have functional currencies other than the U.S. dollar, the results of hedging activities as reported in the income statement under IFRS may not fully reflect management’s assessment of its foreign exchange risk hedging needs.

Foreign Currency Derivative Contracts

At December 31, 2007 and 2006, Tenaris was party to foreign currency forward agreements as detailed below.

 

Thousand USD                         Fair value at
December 31, 2007
 

Currencies

  

Contract

   Contract
Amount
    Average
contractual
exchange rate
   Term   
USD / EUR    Euro Forward purchases    83,028     1.4475    2008    1,408  
JPY / USD    Japanese Yen Forward purchases    46,081     110.7403    2008    (1,157 )
CAD / USD    Canadian Dollar Forward sales    (66,996 )   0.9457    2008    3,062  
BRL / USD    Brazilian Real Forward sales    (13,693 )   1.7967    2008    (126 )
KWD /USD    Kuwaiti Dinar Forward sales    (192,594 )   0.2882    2008    (10,821 )
COP / USD    Colombian Peso Forward sales    (11,987 )   2,012.5    2008    111  
RON / USD    Romanian Lei Forward sales    (19,958 )   2.4512    2008    87  
GBP / USD    Great Britain Pound Forward sales    (4,049 )   2.0586    2008    152  
USD / MXN    Mexican Peso Forward purchases    41,856     11.0340    2008    327  
USD / CAD   

Canadian Dollar Forward Purchases

(Embedded into purchase contract)

   292,792     1.0374    2017    9,677  
                 
              2,720  
                 

Currencies

  

Contract

   Contract
Amount
    Avg.
contractual
exchange rate
   Term    Fair value at
December 31, 2006
 
JPY / USD    Japanese Yen Forward purchases    97,889     116.535    2007    (1,229 )
CAD / USD    Canadian Dollar Forward sales    (39,648 )   1.1555    2007    318  
KWD /USD    Kuwaiti Dinar Forward sales    (73,213 )   0.2910    2007    (370 )
ARS / USD    Argentine Peso Forward sales    (15,680 )   3.1194    2007    (359 )
USD / EUR    Euro Forward purchases    11,853     1.2297    2008    870  
                 
              (770 )
                 

Accounting for Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities

Derivative financial instruments are initially recognized in the balance sheet at cost as of the trade date and subsequently remeasured at fair value. As a general rule, we recognize the full amount related to the change in fair value of derivative financial instruments under financial results in the current period.

Beginning January 1, 2006, we have adopted hedge accounting treatment, as stated in IAS 39, for certain qualifying financial instruments. These transactions are classified as cash flow hedges (mainly currency forward contracts on highly probable forecast transactions and interest rate swaps and collars). The effective portion of the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges is recognized in shareholders’ equity. Amounts accumulated in shareholders’ equity are recognized in the income statement in the same period than any offsetting losses and gains on the hedged item. The gain or loss relating to the ineffective portion is recognized immediately in the income statement. The fair value of our derivative financial instruments (asset or liability) continues to be reflected on the Balance Sheet.

 

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For transactions designated and qualifying for hedge accounting, we document at the inception of the transaction the relationship between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk management objective and strategy for undertaking various hedge transactions. We also document our assessment, both at hedge inception and on an ongoing basis, of whether the derivatives that are used in hedging transactions are expected to be effective in offsetting changes in cash flows of hedged items. At December 31, 2007, the effective portion of designated cash flow hedges, included in other reserves in shareholders’ equity amounted to $8.5 million.

We do not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for trading or other speculative purposes.

Concentration of credit risk

No single customer comprised more than 10% of our net sales in 2007.

Our credit policies related to sales of products and services are designed to identify customers with acceptable credit history, and to allow us to require the use of credit insurance, letters of credit and other instruments designed to minimize credit risk whenever deemed necessary. We maintain allowances for potential credit losses.

Commodity Price Sensitivity

We use commodities and raw materials that are subject to price volatility caused by supply conditions, political and economic variables and other unpredictable factors. As a consequence, we are exposed to risk resulting from fluctuations in the prices of these commodities and raw materials. Although we fix the prices of such raw materials and commodities for short-term periods, typically not in excess of one year, in general we do not hedge this risk. In the past we have occasionally used commodity derivative instruments to hedge certain fluctuations in the market prices of raw material and energy.

 

Item 12. Description of Securities Other Than Equity Securities

Not applicable.

 

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PART II

 

Item 13. Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies

None.

 

Item 14. Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds

None.

 

Item 15. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we have evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-5(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) as of December 31, 2007. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of December 31, 2007, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives. Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective at a reasonable assurance level.

Management’s report on internal control over financial reporting

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Tenaris’s internal control over financial reporting was designed by management to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation and fair presentation of its financial statements for external purposes in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards, as issued by the IASB.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements or omissions. In addition, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Management conducted its assessment of the effectiveness of Tenaris’s internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

Based on this assessment, management has concluded that Tenaris’s internal control over financial reporting, as of December 31, 2007, is effective to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes.

As allowed under certain SEC guidance, management’s assessment of internal control over financial reporting excludes the operations of Hydril Company and its subsidiaries, which were acquired in a purchase business combination in May 2007. These operations constituted, prior to giving effect to the elimination in consolidation of intercompany transactions and balances, $ 2.693 million of total assets and $ 431million of total revenues.

 

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The effectiveness of Tenaris’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007 has been audited by Price Waterhouse & Co. S.R.L., an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report included herein. See “Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm”.

Changes in internal control over financial reporting

During the period covered by this report, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

 

Item 16.A. Audit Committee Financial Expert

Our board of directors has determined that the audit committee members do not meet the attributes defined in Item 16A of Form 20-F for “audit committee financial experts”. However, it has concluded that the membership of the audit committee as a whole has sufficient recent and relevant financial experience to properly discharge its functions. In addition, the audit committee, from time to time and as it deems necessary, engages persons that meet all of the attributes of an “audit committee financial expert” as consultants.

 

Item 16.B. Code of Ethics

In addition to the general code of ethics that applies to all of our employees, we have adopted a code of ethics that applies specifically to our principal executive officers, and principal financial and accounting officer and controller, as well as persons performing similar functions.

The text of our code of ethics for senior officers is posted on our web site at: www.tenaris.com/en/Investors/ corporategovernance.asp.

 

Item 16.C. Principal Accountant Fees and Services

Fees Paid to the Company’s Principal Accountant

In 2007 and 2006 PricewaterhouseCoopers served as the principal external auditor for the Company. Fees payable to PricewaterhouseCoopers in 2007 and 2006 are detailed below.

 

     For the year ended Dec. 31,

Thousands of U.S. dollars

   2007    2006

Audit Fees

   5,361    4,282

Audit-Related Fees

   249    211

Tax Fees

   185    54

All Other Fees

   —      —  
         

Total

   5,795    4,548
         

Audit Fees

Audit fees were paid for professional services rendered by the auditors for the audit of the consolidated financial statements and internal control over financial reporting of the Company, the statutory financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries, and any other audit services required for US Securities and Exchange Commission or other regulatory filings.

 

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Audit-Related Fees

Audit-related fees are typically services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of the consolidated financial statements of the Company and the statutory financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries and are not reported under the audit fee item above. This item includes fees for attestation services on financial information of the Company and its subsidiaries included in their annual reports that are filed with their respective regulators. This item also includes fees for advice with respect to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act preparedness in 2006.

Tax Fees

Tax fees paid for tax compliance professional services.

All Other Fees

In 2007 and 2006, PricewaterhouseCoopers did not perform any services other than those described above.

Audit Committee’s Pre-approval Policies and Procedures

The Company’s audit committee is responsible for, among other things, the oversight of the Company’s independent auditors. The audit committee has adopted in its charter a policy of pre-approval of audit and permissible non-audit services provided by its independent auditors.

Under the policy, the audit committee makes its recommendations to the shareholders’ meeting concerning the continuing appointment or termination of the Company’s independent auditors. On a yearly basis, the audit committee reviews together with management and the independent auditor, the audit plan, audit related services and other non-audit services and approves the related fees. Any changes to the approved fees must be reviewed and approved by the audit committee. In addition, the audit committee delegates to its Chairman the authority to consider and approve, on behalf of the Audit Committee, additional non-audit services that were not recognized at the time of engagement, which must be reported to the other members of the audit committee at its next meeting. No services outside the scope of the audit committee’s approval can be undertaken by the independent auditor.

The audit committee did not approve any fees pursuant to the de minimis exception to the pre-approval requirement provided by paragraph (c)(7)(i)(C) of Rule 2-01 of Regulation S-X during 2007 or 2006.

 

Item 16.D. Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees

Not applicable.

 

Item 16.E. Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

In 2007 and 2006, to our knowledge, there were no purchases of any class of registered equity securities of the Company by the Company or any “affiliated purchaser” (as such term is defined in Rule 10b-18(a)(3) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934).

 

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In 2005, to our knowledge, the following purchases of our equity securities were carried out by San Faustin, an “affiliated purchaser”:

 

Period

   Total Number of
ADS Purchased
   Average Price Paid
Per ADS ($/ADS) (1)
   Total Number of Shares
Purchased as Part of Publicly
Announced Plan or Program

June 2005

   223,900    $ 76.73    —  

July 2005

   12,800    $ 78.42    —  
                

Total 2005

   236,700    $ 76.82    —  

Share Equivalents

   2,367,000    $ 7.68    —  

 

(1) In 2005 each ADS represented 10 shares. In April 2006 the ratio of ordinary shares per ADS was changed to a new ratio of one ADS equal to two shares.

The purchases were made through open-market transactions and are not part of a publicly announced program.

However, in the future, we may, with the approval of our shareholders, initiate a stock repurchase or similar program or engage in other transactions pursuant to which we would repurchase, directly or indirectly, the Company’s ordinary shares, ADSs or both. In addition, we or our subsidiaries may enter into transactions involving purchases of derivatives or other instruments with returns linked to the Company’s ordinary shares, ADSs or both. The timing and amount of repurchase transactions under any such program, or purchases of derivatives or other instruments, would depend on market conditions as well as other corporate and regulatory considerations.

PART III

 

Item 17. Financial Statements

We have responded to Item 18 in lieu of responding to this Item.

 

Item 18. Financial Statements

See pages F-1 through F-56 of this annual report.

 

Item 19. Exhibits

 

Exhibit
Number

 

Description

1.1   Updated and Consolidated Articles of Association of Tenaris S.A., dated as of June 6, 2007*
2.1   Amended and Restated Deposit Agreement entered into between Tenaris S.A. and The Bank of New York Mellon **
7.1   Statement Explaining Calculation of Ratios
8.1   List of Subsidiaries of Tenaris S.A.
12.1   Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
12.2   Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
13.1   Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
13.2   Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

 

* The updated and consolidated articles of association are incorporated by reference to the annual report on Form 20-F filed by Tenaris S.A. on June 29, 2007 (File No. 001-31518)
** The Deposit Agreement is incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement on Form F-6 filed by Tenaris S.A. on February 28, 2008 (File No. 333-149435).

 

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Tenaris S.A. Consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

 

 

TENARIS S.A.

CONSOLIDATED

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

For the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

46a, Avenue John F. Kennedy – 2nd Floor.

L – 1855 Luxembourg


Table of Contents

Tenaris S.A. Consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

 

 

TENARIS S.A.

Index to financial statements

Consolidated Financial Statements

 

     Page

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

   F-1

Consolidated income statements for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004

   F-3

Consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2006 and 2005

   F-4

Consolidated statements of changes in equity for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004

   F-5

Consolidated cash flow statements for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004

   F-7

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

   F-8


Table of Contents

LOGO

       
      Price Waterhouse & Co. S.R.L.

Firma miembro de
PricewaterhouseCoopers

Bouchard 557, piso 7°

C1106ABG – Ciudad de Buenos Aires

Tel.: (54-11) 4850-0000

Fax.: (54-11) 4850-1800

 

www.pwc.com/ar

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of

Tenaris S.A.

In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and the related consolidated statement of income, of cash flows and of changes in equity present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Tenaris S.A. and its subsidiaries at December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2007 in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Company’s management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in “Management’s report on internal control over financial reporting” appearing under Item 15. Our responsibility is to express opinions on these financial statements and on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits (which were integrated audits in 2007 and 2006). We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

 

F-1


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LOGO

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

As described in “Management’s report on internal control over financial reporting”, management has excluded Hydril Company and its subsidiaries from its assessment of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007 because it was acquired by the Company in a purchase business combination in May 2007. We have also excluded Hydril Company and its subsidiaries from our audit of internal control over financial reporting. Hydril Company and its subsidiaries is a wholly-owned subsidiary whose total assets and total revenues, prior to giving effect to the elimination in consolidation of intercompany transactions and balances, amount to $2,693 thousand and $ 431 thousand, respectively, of the related consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended December 31, 2007.

Buenos Aires, Argentina

June 27, 2008

 

PRICE WATERHOUSE & CO. S.R.L.
by   /s/ Diego Niebuhr            (Partner)
  Diego Niebuhr

 

F-2


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Tenaris S.A. Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

 

 

CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENTS

 

         Year ended December 31,  

(all amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars, unless otherwise stated)

   Notes   2007     2006     2005  

Continuing operations

        

Net sales

   1   10,042,008     7,727,745     6,209,791  

Cost of sales

   2   (5,515,767 )   (3,884,226 )   (3,429,365 )
                    

Gross profit

     4,526,241     3,843,519     2,780,426  

Selling, general and administrative expenses

   3   (1,573,949 )   (1,054,806 )   (832,315 )

Other operating income

   5 (i)   28,704     13,077     12,396  

Other operating expenses

   5 (ii)   (23,771 )   (9,304 )   (14,595 )
                    

Operating income

     2,957,225     2,792,486     1,945,912  

Interest income

   6   93,392     60,798     23,815  

Interest expense

   6   (275,648 )   (92,576 )   (52,629 )

Other financial results

   6   (22,754 )   26,826     (79,772 )
                    

Income before equity in earnings of associated companies and income tax

     2,752,215     2,787,534     1,837,326  

Equity in earnings of associated companies

   7   113,276     94,667     117,377  
                    

Income before income tax

     2,865,491     2,882,201     1,954,703  

Income tax

   8   (823,924 )   (869,977 )   (567,368 )
                    

Income for continuing operations

     2,041,567     2,012,224     1,387,335  

Discontinued operations (see Note 29)

        

Income (loss) for discontinued operations

     34,492     47,180     (3 )
                    

Income for the year

     2,076,059     2,059,404     1,387,332  
                    

Attributable to:

        

Equity holders of the Company

     1,923,748     1,945,314     1,277,547  

Minority interest

     152,311     114,090     109,785  
                    
     2,076,059     2,059,404     1,387,332  
                    

Earnings per share attributable to the equity holders of the Company during year

        

Weighted average number of ordinary shares (thousands)

   9   1,180,537     1,180,537     1,180,537  

Earnings per share (U.S. dollars per share)

   9   1.63     1.65     1.08  

Earnings per ADS (U.S. dollars per ADS)

   9   3.26     3.30     2.16  

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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Tenaris S.A. Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

 

 

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

 

(all amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars)

   Notes   At December 31, 2007    At December 31, 2006

ASSETS

             

Non-current assets

             

Property, plant and equipment, net

   10   3,269,007       2,939,241   

Intangible assets, net

   11   4,542,352       2,844,498   

Investments in associated companies

   12   509,354       422,958   

Other investments

   13   35,503       26,834   

Deferred tax assets

   21   310,590       291,641   

Receivables

   14   63,738    8,730,544    41,238    6,566,410
                 

Current assets

             

Inventories

   15   2,598,856       2,372,308   

Receivables and prepayments

   16   222,410       272,632   

Current tax assets

   17   242,757       202,718   

Trade receivables

   18   1,748,833       1,625,241   

Other investments

   19   87,530       183,604   

Cash and cash equivalents

   19   962,497    5,862,883    1,372,329    6,028,832
                 

Current and non current assets held for sale

   29      651,160       —  
                 
        6,514,043       6,028,832
                 

Total assets

        15,244,587       12,595,242
                 

EQUITY

             

Capital and reserves attributable to the Company’s equity holders

             

Share capital

     1,180,537       1,180,537   

Legal reserves

     118,054       118,054   

Share premium

     609,733       609,733   

Currency translation adjustments

     266,049       3,954   

Other reserves

     18,203       28,757   

Retained earnings

     4,813,701    7,006,277    3,397,584    5,338,619
                 

Minority interest

        523,573       363,011
                 

Total equity

        7,529,850       5,701,630
                 

LIABILITIES

             

Non-current liabilities

             

Borrowings

   20   2,869,466       2,857,046   

Deferred tax liabilities

   21   1,233,836       991,945   

Other liabilities

   22(i)   185,410       186,724   

Provisions

   23(ii)   97,912       92,027   

Trade payables

     47    4,386,671    366    4,128,108
                 

Current liabilities

             

Borrowings

   20   1,150,779       794,197   

Current tax liabilities

     341,028       565,985   

Other liabilities

   22(ii)   252,204       187,701   

Provisions

   24(ii)   19,342       26,645   

Customer advances

     449,829       352,717   

Trade payables

     847,842    3,061,024    838,259    2,765,504
                 

Liabilities associated with current and non-current assets held for sale

   29      267,042       —  
                 
        3,328,066       2,765,504
                 

Total liabilities

        7,714,737       6,893,612
                 

Total equity and liabilities

        15,244,587       12,595,242
                 

Contingencies, commitments and restrictions to the distribution of profits are disclosed in Note 26.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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Tenaris S.A. Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

 

 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

 

     Attributable to equity holders of the Company              

(all amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars)

   Share Capital    Legal
Reserves
   Share
Premium
   Currency
Translation
Adjustment
   Other
Reserves
    Retained
Earnings (*)
    Minority
Interest
    Total  

Balance at January 1, 2007

   1,180,537    118,054    609,733    3,954    28,757     3,397,584     363,011     5,701,630  
                                            

Currency translation differences

   —      —      —      262,095    —       —       47,766     309,861  

Change in equity reserves (see Section III C)

   —      —      —      —      (10,554 )   —       —       (10,554 )

Acquisition and decrease of minority interest

   —      —      —      —      —       —       20,748     20,748  

Dividends paid in cash

   —      —      —      —      —       (507,631 )   (60,263 )   (567,894 )

Income for the year

   —      —      —      —      —       1,923,748     152,311     2,076,059  
                                            

Balance at December 31, 2007

   1,180,537    118,054    609,733    266,049    18,203     4,813,701     523,573     7,529,850  
                                            

 

(*) The Distributable Reserve and Retained Earnings calculated according to Luxembourg Law are disclosed in Note 26.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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Tenaris S.A. Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

 

 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY (Cont.)

 

     Attributable to equity holders of the Company              

(all amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars)

   Share Capital    Legal
Reserves
   Share
Premium
   Currency
Translation
Adjustment
    Other
Reserves
   Retained
Earnings
    Minority
Interest
    Total  

Balance at January 1, 2006

   1,180,537    118,054    609,733    (59,743 )   2,718    1,656,503     268,071     3,775,873  
                                            

Currency translation differences

   —      —      —      63,697     —      —       15,225     78,922  

Change in equity reserves (see Section III C and Note 27 (d))

   —      —      —      —       26,039    —       —       26,039  

Acquisition of minority interest

   —      —      —      —       —      —       (11,181 )   (11,181 )

Dividends paid in cash

   —      —      —      —       —      (204,233 )   (23,194 )   (227,427 )

Income for the year

   —      —      —      —       —      1,945,314     114,090     2,059,404  
                                            

Balance at December 31, 2006

   1,180,537    118,054    609,733    3,954     28,757    3,397,584     363,011     5,701,630  
                                            

 

    Attributable to equity holders of the Company              
    Share Capital   Legal
Reserves
  Share
Premium
  Other
Distributable
Reserve
    Currency
Translation
Adjustment
    Other
Reserves
  Retained
Earnings
    Minority
Interest
    Total  

Balance at January 1, 2005

  1,180,537   118,054   609,733   82     (30,020 )   —     617,538     165,271     2,661,195  

Effect of adopting IFRS 3 (see Section II F)

  —     —     —     —       —       —     110,775     —       110,775  
                                             

Adjusted balance at January 1, 2005

  1,180,537   118,054   609,733   82     (30,020 )   —     728,313     165,271     2,771,970  

Currency translation differences

  —     —     —     —       (29,723 )   —     —       7,180     (22,543 )

Increase in equity reserves in Ternium

  —     —     —     —       —       2,718   —       —       2,718  

Acquisition of minority interest

  —     —     —     —       —       —     —       153     153  

Dividends paid in cash

  —     —     —     (82 )   —       —     (349,357 )   (14,318 )   (363,757 )

Income for the year

  —     —     —     —       —       —     1,277,547     109,785     1,387,332  
                                             

Balance at December 31, 2005

  1,180,537   118,054   609,733   —       (59,743 )   2,718   1,656,503     268,071     3,775,873  
                                             

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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Tenaris S.A. Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

 

 

CONSOLIDATED CASH FLOW STATEMENTS

 

         Year ended December 31,  

(all amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars)

   Note   2007     2006     2005  

Cash flows from operating activities

        

Income for the year

     2,076,059     2,059,404     1,387,332  

Adjustments for:

        

Depreciation and amortization

   10 & 11   514,820     255,004     214,227  

Income tax accruals less payments

   28 (ii)   (393,055 )   56,836     149,487  

Equity in earnings of associated companies

     (94,888 )   (94,667 )   (117,377 )

Interest accruals less payments, net

   28 (iii)   (21,302 )   21,909     1,919  

Income from disposal of investment and other

     (18,388 )   (46,481 )   —    

Changes in provisions

     (421 )   8,894     6,497  

Proceeds from Fintecna arbitration award net of BHP settlement

     —       —       66,594  

Changes in working capital

   28 (i)   (110,425 )   (469,517 )   (433,939 )

Other, including currency translation adjustment

     68,224     19,474     20,583  
                    

Net cash provided by operating activities

     2,020,624     1,810,856     1,295,323  
                    

Cash flows from investing activities

        

Capital expenditures

   10 & 11   (447,917 )   (441,472 )   (284,474 )

Acquisitions of subsidiaries and minority interest

   27   (1,927,262 )   (2,387,249 )   (48,292 )

Other disbursements relating to the acquisition of Hydril

     (71,580 )   —       —    

Decrease in subsidiaries / associated

     27,321     52,995     —    

Convertible loan to associated companies

     —       —       (40,358 )

Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets

     24,041     15,347     9,995  

Dividends and distributions received from associated companies

   12   12,170     —       59,127  

Changes in restricted bank deposits

     21     2,027     11,452  

Reimbursement from trust funds

     —       —       (119,907 )

Investments in short terms securities

     96,074     (63,697 )   119,666  
                    

Net cash used in investing activities

     (2,287,132 )   (2,822,049 )   (292,791 )
                    

Cash flows from financing activities

        

Dividends paid

     (507,631 )   (204,233 )   (349,439 )

Dividends paid to minority interest in subsidiaries

     (60,263 )   (23,194 )   (14,318 )

Proceeds from borrowings

     2,718,264     3,033,230     1,222,861  

Repayments of borrowings

     (2,347,054 )   (1,105,098 )   (1,463,233 )
                    

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities

     (196,684 )   1,700,705     (604,129 )
                    

(Decrease) Increase in cash and cash equivalents

     (463,192 )   689,512     398,403  
                    

Movement in cash and cash equivalents

        

At the beginning of the period

     1,365,008     680,591     293,824  

Effect of exchange rate changes

     52,487     (5,095 )   (11,636 )

(Decrease) Increase in cash and cash equivalents

     (463,192 )   689,512     398,403  
                    

At December 31,

   28 (iv)   954,303     1,365,008     680,591  
                    

Non-cash financing activity

        

Conversion of debt to equity in subsidiaries

     35,140     —       —    

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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Tenaris S.A. Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

 

 

INDEX TO THE NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

I.    GENERAL INFORMATION   V.    OTHER NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
     1    Segment information
II.    ACCOUNTING POLICIES (“AP”)   2    Cost of sales

A

   Basis of presentation   3    Selling, general and administrative expenses

B

   Group accounting   4    Labor costs (included in Cost of sales and in Selling, general and administrative expenses)

C

   Segment information   5    Other operating items

D

   Foreign currency translation   6    Financial results

E

   Property, plant and equipment   7    Equity in earnings of associated companies

F

   Intangible assets   8    Income tax

G

   Impairment of non financial assets   9    Earnings and dividends per share

H

   Other investments   10    Property, plant and equipment, net

I

   Inventories   11    Intangible assets, net

J

   Trade receivables   12    Investments in associated companies

K

   Cash and cash equivalents   13    Other investments non current

L

   Shareholders’ Equity   14    Receivables - non current

M

   Borrowings   15    Inventories

N

   Income taxes - Current and Deferred   16    Receivables and prepayments

O

   Employee - related liabilities   17    Current tax assets

P

   Employees’ statutory profit sharing   18    Trade receivables

Q

   Provisions and other liabilities   19    Cash and cash equivalents, and Other investments

R

   Trade payables   20    Borrowings

S

   Revenue recognition   21    Deferred income tax

T

   Cost of sales and sales expenses   22    Other liabilities

U

   Earnings per share   23    Non-current allowances and provisions

V

   Derivative financial instruments   24    Current allowances and provisions
     25    Derivative financial instruments
III.    FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT   26    Contingencies, commitments and restrictions on the distribution of profits
     27    Business combinations and other acquisitions
IV.    IMPACT OF NEW ACCOUNTING
PRONOUNCEMENTS
  28    Cash flow disclosures
     29    Current and non current assets held for sale and discontinued operations
     30    Related party transactions
     31    Principal subsidiaries

 

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Tenaris S.A. Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

 

 

I. GENERAL INFORMATION

Tenaris S.A. (the “Company”), a Luxembourg corporation (societé anonyme holding), was incorporated on December 17, 2001, as a holding company in steel pipe manufacturing and distributing operations. The Company holds, either directly or indirectly, controlling interests in various subsidiaries. References in these financial statements to “Tenaris” refer to Tenaris S.A. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

The Company’s shares trade on the Milan Stock Exchange, the Buenos Aires Stock Exchange and the Mexico City Stock Exchange; the Company’s American Depositary Securities trade on the New York Stock Exchange.

These Consolidated Financial Statements were approved for issue by the Company’s Board of Directors on February 27, 2008.

II. ACCOUNTING POLICIES

 

A Basis of presentation

The Consolidated Financial Statements of Tenaris and its subsidiaries have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”), as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board under the historical cost convention, as modified by the revaluation of financial assets and liabilities (including derivative instruments) at fair value through profit or loss. The Consolidated Financial Statements are presented in thousands of U.S. dollars (“$”).

Certain comparative amounts have been reclassified to conform to changes in presentation in the current year.

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to make certain accounting estimates and assumptions that might affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the balance sheet dates, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting years. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

 

B Group accounting

 

(1) Subsidiary companies

Subsidiary companies are entities which are controlled by Tenaris as a result of its ownership of more than 50% of the voting rights or its ability to otherwise govern an entity’s financial and operating policies. Subsidiaries are consolidated from the date on which control is exercised by the Company and are no longer consolidated from the date that the Company ceases to have control.

The purchase method of accounting is used to account for the acquisition of subsidiaries by Tenaris. The cost of an acquisition is measured as the fair value of the assets given, equity instruments issued and liabilities incurred or assumed at the date of acquisition, plus costs directly attributable to the acquisition. Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed in a business combination are measured initially at their fair values at the acquisition date. The excess of the cost of acquisition over the fair value of Tenaris share of the identifiable net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. If the cost of acquisition is less than the fair value of the net assets of the subsidiary acquired, the difference is recognized directly in the income statement.

Material intercompany transactions and balances between Tenaris subsidiaries have been eliminated in consolidation. However, since the functional currency of some subsidiaries is its respective local currency, some financial gains (losses) arising from intercompany transactions are generated. These are included in the Consolidated Income Statement under Other financial results.

See Note 31 for the list of the principal subsidiaries.

 

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Tenaris S.A. Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

 

 

B Group accounting (Cont.)

 

(2) Associated companies

Investments in associated companies are accounted for by the equity method of accounting and initially recognized at cost. Associated companies are companies in which Tenaris owns between 20% and 50% of the voting rights or over which Tenaris has significant influence, but does not have control. Unrealized results on transactions between Tenaris and its associated companies are eliminated to the extent of Tenaris’ interest in the associated companies. Unrealized losses are also eliminated but considered an impairment indicator of the asset transferred. Financial statements of associated companies have been adjusted where necessary to ensure consistency with IFRS. The Company’s pro-rata share of earnings in associated companies is recorded in Equity in earnings of associated companies. The Company’s pro-rata share of changes in other reserves is recognized in reserves in the Statement of Changes in Equity.

The Company’s investment in Ternium S.A. (“Ternium”) has been accounted for by the equity method, as Tenaris has significant influence as defined by IAS 28, Investments in Associates. At December 31, 2007, Tenaris holds 11.46% of Ternium’s common stock. The Company’s investment in Ternium is carried at incorporation cost plus proportional ownership of Ternium’s earnings and other shareholders’ equity accounts. Because the exchange of its holdings in Amazonia and Ylopa for shares in Ternium was considered to be a transaction between companies under common control of San Faustin N.V., Tenaris recorded its initial ownership interest in Ternium at $229.7 million, the carrying value of the investments exchanged. This value was $22.6 million less than Tenaris’ proportional ownership of Ternium’s shareholders’ equity at the transaction date. As a result of this treatment, Tenaris’ investment in Ternium will not reflect its proportional ownership of Ternium’s net equity position. Ternium carried out an initial public offering (“IPO”) of its shares on February 1, 2006, listing its ADS on the New York Stock Exchange.

 

C Segment information

The Company is organized in three major business segments: Tubes, Projects and Other.

The Tubes segment includes the operations that consist of the production and selling of both seamless and welded steel tubular products and related services mainly for energy and industrial applications.

The Projects segment includes the operations that consist of the production and selling of welded steel pipe products mainly used in the construction of major pipeline projects.

The Others segment includes the operations that consist of the production and selling of sucker rods, welded steel pipes for electric conduits, industrial equipment and raw materials, such as hot briquetted iron, or HBI, that exceed Tenaris’s internal requirements.

In May 2007, Tenaris acquired Hydril Company (“Hydril”), a company engaged in engineering, manufacturing and selling of premium connections and pressure control products for oil and gas drilling production. Hydril’s premium connections business was allocated to the Tubes segment and a new segment was initially created -Pressure Control- for Hydril’s pressure control business. On January 28, 2008, Tenaris entered into an agreement with General Electric Company (GE) to sell the pressure control business; in accordance with IFRS 5, the pressure control business has been disclosed as current and non current assets and liabilities held for sale and discontinued operations.

Corporate general and administrative expenses have been allocated to the Tubes segment.

 

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Tenaris S.A. Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

 

 

C Segment information (Cont.)

Tenaris groups its geographical information in five areas: North America, South America, Europe, Middle East and Africa, and Far East and Oceania. For purposes of reporting geographical information, net sales are allocated to geographical areas based on the customer’s location; allocation of assets and capital expenditures and associated depreciation and amortization are based on the geographic location of the assets.

 

D Foreign currency translation

 

(1) Functional and presentation currency

IAS 21 (revised) defines the functional currency as the currency of the primary economic environment in which an entity operates.

The functional and presentation currency of the Company is the U.S. dollar. The U.S. dollar is the currency that best reflects the economic substance of the underlying events and circumstances relevant to Tenaris’ global operations. Generally, the functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries is the respective local currency. Tenaris argentine operations, however, which consist of Siderca S.A.I.C. (“Siderca”) and its Argentine subsidiaries, have determined their functional currency to be the U.S. dollar, based on the following considerations:

 

   

Sales are mainly negotiated, denominated and settled in U.S. dollars. If priced in a currency other than the U.S. dollar, the price considers exposure to fluctuation in the rate of exchange rate versus the U.S. dollar;

 

   

Prices of critical raw materials and inputs are priced and settled in U.S. dollars;

 

   

The exchange rate of the currency of Argentina has long-been affected by recurring and severe economic crises; and

 

   

Net financial assets and liabilities are mainly received and maintained in U.S. dollars.

In addition to Siderca, the Colombian subsidiaries and most of the Company’s distributing subsidiaries and intermediate holding subsidiaries have the U.S. dollar as their functional currency, reflecting the transaction environment and cash flow of these operations.

 

(2) Translation of financial information in currencies other than the functional currency

Results of operations for subsidiaries whose functional currencies are not the U.S. dollar are translated into U.S. dollars at the average exchange rates for each quarter of the year. Balance sheet positions are translated at the end-of-year exchange rates. Translation differences are recognized in equity as currency translation adjustments. In the case of a sale or other disposal of any such subsidiary, any accumulated translation difference would be recognized in income as a gain or loss from the sale.

 

(3) Transactions in currencies other than the functional currency

Transactions in currencies other than the functional currency are accounted for at the exchange rates prevailing at the date of the transactions. Gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions, including intercompany transactions, and from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency, are recorded as gains and losses from foreign exchange and included in Other Financial results in the income statement.

 

E Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment are recognized at historical acquisition or construction cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses. Property, Plant and Equipment acquired through acquisitions accounted for as business combinations have been valued initially at the fair market value of the assets acquired.

 

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Tenaris S.A. Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

 

 

E Property, plant and equipment (Cont.)

Major overhaul and rebuilding expenditures are capitalized as property, plant and equipment only when the investment enhances the condition of assets beyond its original condition. The carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognized.

Ordinary maintenance expenses on manufacturing properties are recorded as cost of products sold in the year in which they are incurred.

Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition or construction of certain capital assets are capitalized as part of the cost of the asset, in accordance with IAS 23(“Borrowing Costs”). Capital assets for which borrowing costs are capitalized are those that require a substantial period of time to prepare for their intended use.

Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method to depreciate the cost of each asset to its residual value over its estimated useful life, as follows:

 

Buildings and improvements

   30-50 years

Plant and production equipment

   10-20 years

Vehicles, furniture and fixtures, and other equipment

   4-10 years

The residual values and useful lives of significant plant and equipment are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at each year-end date. Any charges from such reviews are included in Cost of sales in the Income Statement.

Management’s reestimation of assets useful lives, performed in accordance with IAS 16 (“Property plant and equipment”), did not materially affect depreciation expenses for 2007.

Tenaris depreciates each significant part of an item of property, plant and equipment for its different production facilities that (i) can be properly identified as an independent component with a cost that is significant in relation to the total cost of the item, and (ii) has a useful operating life that is different from another significant part of that same item of property, plant and equipment.

Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing net proceeds with the carrying amount of assets. These are included in Other operating income or Other operating expenses in the Income Statement.

 

F Intangible assets

 

(1) Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the acquisition cost over the fair value of Tenaris’ share of net assets acquired as part of business combinations determined mainly by independent valuation. Separately recognized goodwill is tested annually for impairment and carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses. No impairment losses related to goodwill were recorded by Tenaris during the three years covered by these Consolidated Financial Statements. In the event of impairment, reversals are not allowed. Goodwill is included in Intangible assets, net on the Balance Sheet.

Goodwill is allocated to cash-generating units (“CGU’s”) for the purpose of impairment testing. The allocation is made to those CGU expected to benefit from the business combination which generated the goodwill being tested.

Negative goodwill represents an excess of the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired in a business combination over the cost of the acquisition. IFRS 3 (“Business Combinations”) requires negative goodwill to be recognized immediately as a gain in the Income Statement.

 

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Tenaris S.A. Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

 

 

F Intangible assets (Cont.)

 

(1) Goodwill (Cont.)

Upon the adoption of IFRS 3, adopted together with the revised IAS 38 (“Intangible Assets”), and IAS 36 (“Impairment of Assets”), previously accumulated negative goodwill was required to be derecognized through an adjustment to retained earnings. The derecognition of negative goodwill in this manner resulted in an increase of $110.8 million in the opening balance of the Company’s equity at January 1, 2005.

 

(2) Information systems projects

Costs associated with developing or maintaining computer software programs are generally recognized as an expense as incurred. However, costs directly related to the development, acquisition and implementation of information systems are recognized as intangible assets if it is probable they have economic benefits exceeding one year.

Information systems projects recognized as assets are amortized using the straight-line method over their useful lives, not exceeding a period of 3 years. Amortization charges are classified as Selling, general and administrative expenses in the Income Statement.

 

(3) Licenses, patents, trademarks and proprietary technology

Expenditures on acquired patents, trademarks, technology transfer and licenses are capitalized and amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, not exceeding a period of 10 years.

Trademarks acquired through acquisitions amounting to $149.1 million at December 31, 2007, out of which $57.1 million are disclosed within current and non current assets held for sale, have indefinite useful lives according to external appraisal. Main factors considered in the determination of the indefinite useful lives, include the years that they have been in service and their recognition among customers in the industry.

 

(4) Research and development

Research expenditures as well as development costs that do not fulfill the criteria for capitalization are recorded as Cost of sales in the income statement as incurred. Research and development expenditures included in Cost of sales for the years 2007, 2006 and 2005 totaled $61.7 million , $46.9 million and $34.7 million, respectively.

 

(5) Customer relationships and backlog acquired in a business combination

In accordance with IFRS 3 and IAS 38, Tenaris has recognized the value of customer relationships and backlog separately from goodwill attributable to the acquisition of Maverick and Hydril, as further disclosed in Note 27 (a) and (c).

Customer relationships are amortized using the straight-line method over a useful average life of approximately 14 years for Maverick and 10 years for Hydril.

Backlog refers to fair value calculated with the discounted cash flow method of agreements and/or relationships that effectively represent “pre-sold” business for Hydril pressure control. It is amortized using the straight-line method over a useful average life of approximately 2 years.

 

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Tenaris S.A. Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

 

 

G Impairment of non financial assets

In accordance with IFRS 3, IAS 36 and IAS 38, long-lived assets including identifiable intangible assets and goodwill are regularly reviewed for impairment.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful life, including goodwill, are subject to at least an annual impairment test for possible impairment whereas, the remaining long lived assets are tested whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the balance sheet carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable.

To carry out these tests, assets are grouped into CGUs. The value in use of these units is determined on the basis of the present value of net future cash flows which will be generated by the assets tested. Cash flows are discounted at rates that reflect specific country and currency risks.

 

H Other investments

Other investments consist primarily of investments in financial debt instruments.

All of Tenaris investments are classified as financial assets “at fair value through profit or loss”.

Purchases and sales of financial investments are recognized as of the trade date, which is the date that Tenaris commits to purchase or sell the investment, and which is not significantly different from the actual settlement date. The change in fair value of financial investments designated as held at fair value through profit or loss is charged to Financial results in the Income Statement.

Results from financial investments are recognized in Financial results in the income statement.

The fair values of quoted investments are based on current mid prices (see Section III. Financial Risk Management). If the market for a financial investment is not active or the securities are not listed, Tenaris estimates the fair value by using standard valuation techniques.

 

I Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (calculated principally on the first-in-first-out “FIFO” method) and net realizable value. The cost of finished goods and goods in process is comprised of raw materials, direct labor, other direct costs and related production overhead costs. Tenaris estimates net realizable value of inventories by grouping, where applicable, similar or related items. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less any estimated costs of completion and selling expenses. Goods in transit at year end are valued based on supplier’s invoice cost.

Tenaris establishes an allowance for obsolete or slow-moving inventory related to finished goods, supplies and spare parts. For slow moving or obsolete finished products, an allowance is established based on management’s analysis of product aging. An allowance for slow-moving inventory of supplies and spare parts is established based on management’s analysis of such items to be used as intended and the consideration of potential obsolescence due to technological changes.

 

J Trade receivables

Trade receivables are recognized initially at fair value, generally the original invoice amount. Tenaris analyzes its trade accounts receivable on a regular basis and, when aware of a specific client’s difficulty or inability to meet its obligations to Tenaris, impairs any amounts due by means of a charge to an allowance for doubtful accounts receivable. Additionally, this allowance is adjusted periodically based on the aging of receivables.

 

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Tenaris S.A. Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

 

 

K Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents are comprised of cash in banks, short-term money market funds and highly liquid short-term securities with a maturity of less than 90 days at the date of purchase. Assets recorded in cash and cash equivalents are carried at fair market value, or at historical cost which approximates fair market value.

For the purposes of the cash flow statement, cash and cash equivalents is comprised of cash, bank accounts and short-term highly liquid investments and overdrafts.

On the Balance Sheet, bank overdrafts are included in borrowings in current liabilities.

 

L Shareholders’ Equity

 

(1) Basis of presentation

The consolidated statement of changes in equity includes:

 

   

The value of share capital, legal reserve, share premium and other distributable reserve calculated in accordance with Luxembourg Law;

 

   

The currency translation adjustment, other reserves, retained earnings and minority interest calculated in accordance with IFRS.

 

(2) Share capital

Total ordinary shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005 are 1,180,536,830 with a par value of $1.00 per share with one vote each. All issued shares are fully paid.

 

(3) Dividends paid by the Company to shareholders

Dividends payable are recorded in the Company’s financial statements in the year in which they are approved by the Company’s shareholders, or when interim dividends are approved by the Board of Directors in accordance with the by-laws of the Company.

Dividends may be paid by the Company to the extent that it has distributable retained earnings, calculated in accordance with Luxembourg law. As a result, retained earnings included in the Consolidated Financial Statements may not be wholly distributable (See Note 26).

 

M Borrowings

Borrowings are recognized initially for an amount equal to the proceeds received net of transaction costs. In subsequent years, borrowings are stated at amortized cost.

 

N Income Taxes – Current and Deferred

Under present Luxembourg law, the Company is not subject to income tax, withholding tax on dividends paid to shareholders or capital gains tax payable in Luxembourg as long as the Company maintains its status as a “1929 Holding Billionaire Company”. Following a previously announced decision by the European Commission, the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg has terminated its 1929 holding company regime, effective January 1, 2007. However, under the implementing legislation, pre-existing publicly listed companies -including the Company- will be entitled to continue benefiting from their current tax regime until December 31, 2010.

The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws in effect in the countries where the Company’s subsidiaries operate and generate taxable income. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions when appropriate.

 

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Tenaris S.A. Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

 

 

N Income Taxes – Current and Deferred (Cont.)

Deferred income taxes are calculated applying the liability method on temporary differences arising between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the financial statements. The principal temporary differences arise from fair value adjustments of assets acquired in business combinations, the effect of currency translation on fixed assets, depreciation on property, plant and equipment, valuation of inventories and provisions for pensions. Deferred tax assets are also recognized for net operating loss carry-forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the time period when the asset is realized or the liability is expected to be settled, based on tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date.

Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent it is probable that future taxable income will be available to utilize those recognized deferred tax assets against such income.

 

O Employee-related liabilities

 

(a) Employee severance indemnity

Employee severance indemnity costs are assessed annually using the projected unit credit method. Employee severance indemnity obligations are measured at the present value of the estimated future cash outflows, based on actuarial calculations provided by independent advisors and in accordance with current legislation and labor contracts in effect in each respective country. The cost of this obligation is charged to the income statement over the expected service lives of employees.

This provision is primarily related to the liability accrued for employees at Tenaris’ Italian and Mexican subsidiaries.

As from January 1, 2007 as a consequence of a change in an Italian law, employees were entitled to make contributions to external funds or to maintain the contributions within the company. If the employee chooses to make contributions to the external funds Tenaris’ Italian subsidiary pays every year the matured contribution to the funds and no more obligation will be in charge of it. As a consequence of the abovementioned, the structure of the plan could be changed from a defined benefit plan to a defined contribution plan effective from the date of the choice, but only limited to the contributions of 2007 onwards.

 

(b) Defined benefit pension obligations

Certain officers of Tenaris are covered by defined benefit employee retirement plans designed to provide post-retirement, termination and other benefits.

Post-retirement costs are assessed using the projected unit credit method. Post-retirement obligations are measured at the present value of the estimated future cash outflows, based on actuarial calculations provided by independent advisors.

Benefits provided under one of Tenaris’ plans are provided in U.S. dollars, and are calculated based on seven-year salary averages. Tenaris accumulates assets for the payment of benefits expected to be disbursed by this plan in the form of investments that are subject to time limitations for redemption. These investments are neither part of a specific pension plan nor are they segregated from Tenaris’ other assets. As a result, this plan is considered to be “unfunded” under IFRS definitions.

In one of its Canadian subsidiaries, Tenaris sponsors funded and unfunded non-contributory defined benefit pension plans. The plans provide defined benefits based on years of service and, in the case of salaried employees, final average salary. In addition Tenaris provides an unfunded non-contributory post-employment benefits plan to retirees from salaried employment.

Certain other officers and former employees of one specific Tenaris subsidiary are covered by a separate plan defined as “funded” under IFRS definitions.

All of Tenaris’ plans recognize actuarial gains and losses over the average remaining service lives of employees.

 

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Tenaris S.A. Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

 

 

O Employee-related liabilities (Cont.)

 

(c) Other compensation obligations

Employee entitlements to annual leave and long-service leave are accrued as earned.

Other length of service based compensation to employees in the event of dismissal or death is charged to income in the year in which it becomes payable.

 

(d) Employee retention and long term incentive program

On January 1, 2007 Tenaris adopted an employee retention and long term incentive program. Pursuant to this program, certain senior executives will be granted with a number of units’ equivalent in value to the equity book value per share (excluding minority interest). The units will be vested over four years period and Tenaris will redeem vested units following a period of seven years from the grant date, or when the employee ceases employment, at the equity book value per share at the time of payment. Beneficiaries will also receive a cash amount per unit equivalent to the dividend paid per share whenever the Company pays a cash dividend to its shareholders.

Annual compensation under this program is not expected to exceed 35% in average of the total annual compensation of the beneficiaries.

The total value of the units granted to date under the program, considering the number of units and the book value per share as of December 31, 2007, is $8.1 million. As of December 31, 2007, Tenaris has recorded a total liability of $11.1 million, based on actuarial calculations provided by independent advisors.

 

P Employee statutory profit sharing

Under Mexican law, the Company’s Mexican subsidiaries are required to pay to their employees an annual benefit calculated on a similar basis to that used for local income tax purposes. Employee statutory profit sharing is calculated using the liability method, and is recorded in Current other liabilities and Non-current other liabilities on the balance sheet. Because Mexican employee statutory profit sharing is determined on a similar basis to that used for determining local income taxes, Tenaris accounts for temporary differences arising between the statutory calculation and reported expense as determined under IFRS in a manner similar to the calculation of deferred income tax.

 

Q Provisions and other liabilities

Tenaris is subject to various claims, lawsuits and other legal proceedings, including customer claims, in which a third party is seeking payment for alleged damages, reimbursement for losses or indemnity. Tenaris’ potential liability with respect to such claims, lawsuits and other legal proceedings cannot be estimated with certainty. Management periodically reviews the status of each significant matter and assesses potential financial exposure. If a potential loss from a claim or proceeding is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated, a liability is recorded. Accruals for loss contingencies reflect a reasonable estimate of the losses to be incurred based on information available to management as of the date of preparation of the financial statements, and take into consideration Tenaris’ litigation and settlement strategies. These estimates are primarily constructed with the assistance of legal counsel. As the scope of liabilities become better defined, there may be changes in the estimates of future costs which could have a material adverse effect on its results of operations, financial condition and net worth.

If Tenaris expects to be reimbursed for an accrued expense, as would be the case for an expense or loss covered under an insurance contract, and reimbursement is considered virtually certain, the expected reimbursement is recognized as a receivable.

 

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Tenaris S.A. Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

 

 

R Trade payables

Trade payables are recognized initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortized cost.

 

S Revenue recognition

Tenaris’ products and services are sold based upon purchase orders, contracts or upon other persuasive evidence of an arrangement with customers, including that the sales price is known or determinable. Sales are recognized as revenue upon delivery and when collection is reasonably assured. Delivery is defined by the transfer of risk provision of sales contracts and may include delivery to a storage facility located at one of the Company’s subsidiaries.

The Pressure Control business (disclosed as discontinued operations) and industrial equipment (included in Other segment) recognize revenues from long term contracts. These contracts are recognized using the percentage of completion method measured by the percentage of costs incurred to estimated final costs.

Other revenues earned by Tenaris are recognized on the following bases:

 

   

Interest income: on the effective yield basis.

 

   

Dividend income from investments in other companies: when Tenaris’ right to collect is established.

 

T Cost of sales and sales expenses

Cost of sales and sales expenses are recognized in the income statement on the accrual basis of accounting.

Commissions, freight and other selling expenses, including shipping and handling costs, are recorded in Selling, general and administrative expenses in the income statement.

 

U Earnings per share

Earnings per share are calculated by dividing the income attributable to equity holders of the Company by the daily weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year.

 

V Derivative financial instruments

Accounting for derivative financial instruments and hedging activities is included within the Section III, Financial Risk Management.

Tenaris has identified certain embedded derivatives and in accordance with IAS 39 (“Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement”) has accounted them separately from their host contracts. This result has been recognized under “Net foreign exchange transaction results and changes in fair value of derivative instruments”.

III. FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT

The multinational nature of Tenaris’ operations and customer base expose the Company to a variety of risks, including the effects of changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. To manage the volatility related to these exposures, management evaluates exposures on a consolidated basis to take advantage of logical exposure netting. For a portion of the remaining exposures, the Company or its subsidiaries may enter into various derivative transactions in order to manage potential adverse impacts on the Tenaris’ financial performance. Such derivative transactions are executed in accordance with internal policies in areas such as counterparty exposure and hedging practices.

 

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Tenaris S.A. Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

 

 

III. FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (Cont.)

A. Financial Risk Factors

 

(i) Capital Risk

Tenaris seeks to maintain an adequate debt to total equity ratio considering the industry and the markets where it operates. The year end ratio of debt to total equity (where “debt” comprises all financial borrowings and “equity” is the sum of financial borrowings and shareholders’ equity) is 0.35 as of December 31, 2007, in comparison with 0.39 as of December 31, 2006. The Company does not have to comply with regulatory capital adequacy requirements as known in the financial services industry.

 

(ii) Foreign exchange rate risk management

Tenaris manufactures and sells its products in a number of countries throughout the world and as a result is exposed to foreign exchange rate risk. Since the functional currency of the Company is the U.S. dollar the purpose of Tenaris’ foreign currency hedging program is to reduce the risk caused by changes in exchange rates against US dollar.

Tenaris’ exposure to currency fluctuations is reviewed on a periodic basis. A number of derivative transactions are performed in order to achieve an efficient coverage. Almost all of these hedging transactions are forward exchange rates contracts (see Note 25 Derivative Financial Instruments).

Tenaris does not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for speculative trading purposes.

Because a number of subsidiaries have functional currencies other than the U.S. dollar, the results of hedging activities, reported in accordance with IFRS, may not reflect management’s assessment of its foreign exchange risk hedging program. Intercompany balances between Tenaris subsidiaries may generate financial gains (losses) to the extent that functional currencies differ.

The following table shows a breakdown of Tenaris’ assessed long / (short) balance sheet exposure to currency risk as of December 31, 2007, including the effect of forward exchange rate contracts in place. These balances include intercompany positions where the intervening parties have different functional currencies.

 

Exposure to

in thousand $

   Functional Currency  
   USD     EUR     MXN     BRL    JPY     CAD     RON     VEB     CNY     Other  

USD

   (n/a )   (236,608 )   (278,948 )   209,932    145,438     4,522     (58,354 )   (38,811 )   (31,755 )   (749 )

EUR

   44,256     (n/a )   1,486     11,218    (213 )   (799 )   (19,681 )   (3,832 )   (180 )   —    

MXN

   2,283     —       (n/a )   —      —       —       —       —       —       —    

JPY

   439     —       —       —      (n/a )   (10 )   —       —       (107 )   —    

CAD

   (62,657 )   256     663     —      (40 )   (n/a )   —       —       —       —    

RON

   (19,208 )   —       —       —      —       —       (n/a )   —       —       —    

VEB

   16,338     —       —       —      —       —       —       (n/a )   —       —    

ARS

   (156,359 )   —       —       —      —       —       —       —       —       —    

GBP

   14,330     1,405     6     9    256     (8 )   1,667     —       —       —    

Other

   (1,125 )   —       —       —      19     —       —       —       —       —    

The Company estimates that the impact under IFRS in the net exposure of a simultaneous +/- 1% favorable / unfavorable movement in the main exchange rates would result in a maximum pre-tax gain / loss of approximately +/- $13.4 million for 2007 as compared with a maximum pre-tax gain / loss of approximately +/- $13.7 million for 2006. Considering the above mentioned assumptions the maximum effect in shareholder’s equity originated in monetary assets and liabilities would result in approximately $5.9 million and $6.3 million for 2007 and 2006 respectively.

Additionally, the Company has an embedded derivative related to a ten year steel supply agreement contracted by a Canadian subsidiary of an amount of $292 million. The company estimates that the impact of +/- 1% favorable / unfavorable movement in the exchange rate would result in a maximum pre-tax gain / loss of approximately +/- $2.9 million.

 

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Table of Contents

Tenaris S.A. Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

 

 

A. Financial Risk Factors (Cont.)

 

(iii) Interest rate risk management

Tenaris’ financing strategy is to manage interest expense using a mixture of fixed-rate and variable-rate debt. To manage this risk in a cost-efficient manner, Tenaris enters into interest rate swaps in which it agrees to exchange with the counterparty, at specified intervals, the difference between fixed and variable interest amounts calculated by reference to an agreed-upon notional principal amount. Tenaris has entered into interest rate swaps related to long-term debt to partially hedge future interest payments, as well as to convert borrowings from floating to fixed rates.

The following table summarizes the proportions of variable-rate and fixed-rate debt as of each year end (see Note 25-Derivative financial instruments)

 

     As of 31 December,  
     2007     2006  
     Amount in
million
   Percentage     Amount in
million
   Percentage  

Fixed rate

   282.9    7 %   242.5    7 %

Variable rate

   3,737.3    93 %   3,408.7    93 %

 

(iv) Concentration of credit risk

There is no significant concentration of credit risk from customers. No single customer comprised more than 10% of Tenaris’ net sales in 2007 and 2006.

Tenaris’ credit policies related to sales of products and services are designed to identify customers with acceptable credit history, and to allow Tenaris to require the use of credit insurance, letters of credit and other instruments designed to minimize credit risks whenever deemed necessary. Tenaris maintains allowances for impairment for potential credit losses (See Section II J).

Derivative counterparties and cash transactions are limited to high credit quality financial institutions normally investment grade. More than 98.6% of Tenaris’ cash equivalents and short term investments correspond to Investment Grade-rated instruments as of December 31, 2007, in comparison with 98.1% as of December 31, 2006.

 

(v) Liquidity risk

Management maintains sufficient cash and marketable securities or credit facilities to finance normal operations. Tenaris also has lines of credit and access to market for short-term working capital needs.

B. Fair value estimation

For the purpose of estimating the fair value of financial assets and liabilities with maturities of less than one year, the market value is considered. Since most of the Company’s cash and marketable securities are short-term instruments, a change of 50 basis points in the reference interest rates would not have a significant impact in the fair value of financial assets.

Tenaris’ borrowings are accounted for at its amortized cost. Most borrowings are comprised of variable rate debt with a short term portion where interest has already been fixed. Tenaris estimate that the fair value of its main financial liabilities is approximately 100.4% in 2007 of its carrying amount including interests accrued as compared with 101.2% in 2006. Tenaris estimates that a change of 50 basis points in the reference interest rates would have an estimated impact of less than 0.1% in the fair value of borrowings as of December 31, 2007. Fair values were calculated using standard valuation techniques for floating rate instruments and comparable market rates for discounting flows.

Specific derivative instruments are priced using valuation tools in order to obtain market values.

 

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Tenaris S.A. Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

 

 

C. Accounting for Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities

Derivative financial instruments are initially recognized in the balance sheet at fair value on the date a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently remeasured at fair value. Specific tools are used for calculation of each instrument’s fair value and these tools are tested for consistency on a quarterly basis. Market rates are used for all pricing operations. This includes exchange rates, deposit rates and other discount rates matching the nature of each underlying risk.

As a general rule, Tenaris recognizes the full amount related to the change in fair value of derivative financial instruments in Financial results in the Income Statement.

Tenaris designates certain derivatives as hedges of a particular risk associated with a recognized asset or liability or a highly probable forecast transaction. These transactions are classified as cash flow hedges (mainly currency forward contracts on highly probable forecast transactions and interest rate swaps and collars). The effective portion of the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges is recognized in equity. Amounts accumulated in equity are recognized in the income statement in the same period than any offsetting losses and gains on the hedged item. The gain or loss relating to the ineffective portion is recognized immediately in the income statement. The fair value of Tenaris derivative financial instruments (asset or liability) continues to be reflected on the Balance Sheet.

For transactions designated and qualifying for hedge accounting, Tenaris documents at the inception of the transaction the relationship between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk management objectives and strategy for undertaking various hedge transactions. At December 31, 2007, the effective portion of designated cash flow hedges amounts to $8.5 million and is included in Other Reserves in equity (see Note 25 Derivative Financial Instruments).

IV. IMPACT OF NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

Standards early adopted by Tenaris

Tenaris early adopted IFRS 8 “Operating Segments” as from January 1, 2006, which replaces IAS 14 and requires an entity to report financial and descriptive information about its reportable segments (as aggregations of operating segments). Financial information is required to be reported on the same basis as is used internally for evaluating operating segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources to operating segments also giving certain descriptive information. See Section II C.

Interpretations and amendments to published standards effective in 2007

 

(a) IFRS 7, Financial Instruments: Disclosure

IFRS 7 introduces new disclosures about financial instruments. Tenaris has applied IFRS 7 for annual periods beginning on January 1, 2007.

 

(b) Amendment to IAS 1, Presentation of financial statements – Capital disclosure

IAS 1 amendment requires new disclosures related to managing capital. Tenaris has applied this amendment for annual periods beginning on January 1, 2007.

 

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Table of Contents

Tenaris S.A. Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

 

 

IV. IMPACT OF NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS (Cont.)

Interpretations and amendments to published standards effective in 2007 (Cont.)

 

(c) IFRIC 9, Reassessment of Embedded Derivatives

IFRIC 9 requires an entity to assess whether an embedded derivative is required to be separated from the host contract and accounted for as a derivative when the entity first becomes a party to the contract. Subsequent reassessment is prohibited unless there is a significant change in the terms of the contract. The application of this IFRIC from January 1, 2007 did not have a material impact in the Company’s financial statements.

 

(d) IFRIC 10, Interim Financial Reporting and Impairment

Under this interpretation, no reversal to an impairment loss recognized in an interim period in respect of goodwill or an investment in either an equity instrument or a financial asset carried at cost is allowed. The application of this IFRIC from January 1, 2007 did not have a material impact in the Company’s financial statements.

Management assessed the relevance of other new standards, amendments or interpretations effective for December, 2007 year-end and concluded that they are not relevant to Tenaris.

Interpretations and amendments to published standards that are not yet effective and have not been early adopted

 

(a) IAS 1 Revised, Presentation of Financial Statements

IAS 1 (effective from January 1, 2009) has been revised to enhance the usefulness of information presented in the financial statements. The principal changes, among others, are: the introduction of a new statement of comprehensive income; additional disclosures about income tax, relating to each component of other comprehensive income; the introduction of new terminology, although not obligatory. Tenaris will apply IAS 1 Revised for annual periods beginning on January 1, 2009.

 

(b) IAS 23 Revised, Borrowing Costs

IAS 23 (effective from January 1, 2009) eliminates the option of expensing all borrowing costs and requires borrowing costs to be capitalized if they are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset. These amendments apply to borrowing costs incurred on qualifying assets for which the commencement date for capitalization is on or after January 1, 2009. Tenaris will apply IAS 23 Revised for annual periods beginning on January 1, 2009.

 

(c) IFRIC 14 – IAS 19, The limit on a Defined Benefit Asset, minimum funding requirements and their interaction

IFRIC 14 (effective from January 1, 2008) provides guidance on assessing the limit in IAS 19, on the amount of the surplus that can be recognized as an asset. It also explains how the pension asset or liability may be affected by a statutory or contractual minimum funding requirement. Tenaris will apply IFRIC 14 from January 1, 2008, but it is not expected to have any impact on its accounts.

Management assessed the relevance of other new standards, amendments or interpretations not yet effective and concluded that they are not relevant to Tenaris.

 

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Table of Contents

Tenaris S.A. Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

 

 

V. OTHER NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In the notes all amounts are shown in thousands of U.S. dollars, unless otherwise stated)

 

1 Segment information

Reportable operating segments

 

(all amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars)

   Tubes     Projects     Other     Unallocated    Total
Continuing
operations
    Total
Discontinued
operations (*)
 

Year ended December 31, 2007

             

Net sales

   8,552,641     876,289     613,078     —      10,042,008     238,220  

Cost of sales

   (4,427,868 )   (620,836 )   (467,063 )   —      (5,515,767 )   (157,356 )
                                   

Gross profit

   4,124,773     255,453     146,015     —      4,526,241     80,864  

Selling, general and administrative expenses

   (1,391,114 )   (94,702 )   (88,133 )      (1,573,949 )   (36,441 )

Other operating income (expenses), net

   (19,731 )   24,089     575     —      4,933     (431 )
                                   

Operating income

   2,713,928     184,840     58,457     —      2,957,225     43,992  

Segment assets

   12,453,156     1,085,254     545,663     509,354    14,593,427     651,160  

Segment liabilities

   6,727,523     579,376     140,796     —      7,447,695     267,042  

Capital expenditures

   404,545     17,969     16,822     —      439,336     8,581  

Depreciation and amortization

   446,050     19,563     26,489     —      492,102     22,718  

Year ended December 31, 2006

             

Net sales

   6,826,868     453,536     447,341     —      7,727,745     503,051  

Cost of sales

   (3,234,015 )   (326,402 )   (323,809 )   —      (3,884,226 )   (486,312 )
                                   

Gross profit

   3,592,853     127,134     123,532     —      3,843,519     16,739  

Selling, general and administrative expenses

   (923,328 )   (71,546 )   (59,932 )   —      (1,054,806 )   (8,025 )

Other operating income (expenses), net

   1,022     749     2,002     —      3,773     2,469  
                                   

Operating income

   2,670,547     56,337     65,602     —      2,792,486     11,183  

Segment assets

   10,807,345     803,060     561,879     422,958    12,595,242     —    

Segment liabilities

   6,242,969     448,493     202,150     —      6,893,612     —    

Capital expenditures

   408,965     23,979     7,507     —      440,451     1,021  

Depreciation and amortization

   220,368     19,345     13,394     —      253,107     1,897  

Year ended December 31, 2005

             

Net sales

   5,127,984     789,989     291,818     —      6,209,791     526,406  

Cost of sales

   (2,724,550 )   (520,404 )   (184,411 )   —      (3,429,365 )   (513,393 )
                                   

Gross profit

   2,403,434     269,585     107,407     —      2,780,426     13,013  

Selling, general and administrative expenses

   (699,817 )   (88,422 )   (44,076 )   —      (832,315 )   (10,259 )

Other operating income (expenses), net

   (1,908 )   (1,587 )   1,296     —      (2,199 )   (220 )
                                   

Operating income

   1,701,709     179,576     64,627     —      1,945,912     2,534  

Segment assets

   5,404,745     540,187     356,843     257,234    6,559,009     147,019  

Segment liabilities

   2,414,899     212,917     178,049     —      2,805,865     124,290  

Capital expenditures

   252,974     25,101     5,020     —      283,095     1,379  

Depreciation and amortization

   182,478     15,545     13,690     —      211,713     2,514  

Transactions between segments, which were eliminated in consolidation, include sales of scrap and pipe protectors from the Others segment to the Tubes segment for $109,574, $88,118 and $41,163 in 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.

 

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Table of Contents

Tenaris S.A. Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

 

 

1 Segment information (Cont.)

Geographical information

 

(all amounts in thousands of U.S.
dollars)

   North
America
   South
America
   Europe    Middle
East &
Africa
   Far East
&
Oceania
   Unallocated    Total
Continuing
operations
   Total
Discontinued
operations (*)

Year ended December 31, 2007

                       

Net sales

   3,187,753    2,352,975    1,707,788    2,093,916    699,576    —      10,042,008    238,220

Total assets

   7,471,569    3,342,206    2,315,187    507,331    447,780    509,354    14,593,427    651,160

Trade receivables

   418,081    344,743    435,384    455,965    94,660    —      1,748,833    79,220

Property, plant and equipment, net

   1,349,863    906,211    913,642    4,672    94,619    —      3,269,007    63,629

Capital expenditures

   149,434    149,355    112,165    1,879    26,503    —      439,336    8,581

Depreciation and amortization

   283,358    110,389    87,311    1,139    9,905    —      492,102    22,718

Year ended December 31, 2006

                       

Net sales

   2,182,936    1,520,210    1,398,458    1,957,707    668,434    —      7,727,745    503,051

Total assets

   6,334,227    2,780,977    2,045,856    623,572    387,652    422,958    12,595,242    —  

Trade receivables

   425,734    189,779    392,060    519,022    98,646    —      1,625,241    —  

Property, plant and equipment, net

   1,209,277    864,425    787,058    2,813    75,668    —      2,939,241    —  

Capital expenditures

   121,976    145,956    137,608    367    34,544    —      440,451    1,021

Depreciation and amortization

   98,967    90,224    57,037    780    6,099    —      253,107    1,897

Year ended December 31, 2005

                       

Net sales

   1,708,126    1,823,735    1,043,801    959,020    675,109    —      6,209,791    526,406

Total assets

   2,213,075    2,089,419    1,355,615    289,363    354,303    257,234    6,559,009    147,019

Trade receivables

   310,153    358,859    147,983    255,379    134,402    —      1,206,776    117,395

Property, plant and equipment, net

   787,937    740,391    643,656    3,583    49,235    —      2,224,802    5,236

Capital expenditures

   64,274    109,180    103,286    1,498    4,857    —      283,095    1,379

Depreciation and amortization

   49,038    87,430    68,608    404    6,233    —      211,713    2,514

There are no revenues from external customers attributable to the Company’s country of incorporation (Luxembourg). For geographical information purposes, “North America” comprises Canada, Mexico and the USA; “South America” comprises principally Argentina, Brazil and Venezuela; “Europe” comprises principally France, Germany, Italy, Norway, Romania and the United Kingdom; “Middle East and Africa” comprises principally Algeria, Egypt, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates; “Far East and Oceania” comprises principally China, Indonesia, Japan and South Korea.

 

(*) Corresponds to Pressure Control (year 2007) and Dalmine Energie (year 2006 and 2005) operations (See Note 29).

 

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Tenaris S.A. Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

 

 

2 Cost of sales

 

     Year ended December 31,  

(all amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars)

   2007     2006     2005  

Inventories at the beginning of the year

   2,372,308     1,376,113     1,269,470  

Plus: Charges of the year

      

Raw materials, energy, consumables and other

   4,183,577     3,514,396     2,954,580  

Increase in inventory due to business combinations

   152,500     592,341     5,500  

Services and fees

   392,531     384,223     324,799  

Labor cost

   766,173     512,854     420,714  

Depreciation of property, plant and equipment

   263,813     187,564     182,696  

Amortization of intangible assets

   1,737     2,738     5,025  

Maintenance expenses

   180,502     120,664     99,171  

Provisions for contingencies

   3,191     (87 )   200  

Allowance for obsolescence

   24,371     (8,006 )   20,303  

Taxes

   7,651     4,568     3,170  

Other

   82,453     55,478     33,243  
                  
   6,058,499     5,366,733     4,049,401  

Deconsolidation / Transfer to assets held for sale

   (158,828 )   —       —    

Less: Inventories at the end of the year

   (2,598,856 )   (2,372,308 )   (1,376,113 )
                  
   5,673,123     4,370,538     3,942,758  

From Discontinued operations

   (157,356 )   (486,312 )   (513,393 )
                  
   5,515,767     3,884,226     3,429,365  
                  

 

3 Selling, general and administrative expense

 

     Year ended December 31,  

(all amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars)

   2007     2006     2005  

Services and fees

   193,389     133,304     122,953  

Labor cost

   402,919     279,768     214,216  

Depreciation of property, plant and equipment

   13,272     9,926     10,319  

Amortization of intangible assets

   235,998     54,776     16,187  

Commissions, freight and other selling expenses

   462,640     361,655     298,101  

Provisions for contingencies

   30,738     13,881     14,855  

Allowances for doubtful accounts

   5,035     1,199     7,069  

Taxes

   147,326     122,789     93,782  

Other

   119,073     85,533     65,092  
                  
   1,610,390     1,062,831     842,574  

From Discontinued operations

   (36,441 )   (8,025 )   (10,259 )
                  
   1,573,949     1,054,806     832,315  
                  

 

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Tenaris S.A. Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

 

 

4 Labor costs (included in Cost of sales and in Selling, general and administrative expenses)

 

     Year ended December 31,  

(all amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars)

   2007     2006     2005  

Wages, salaries and social security costs

   1,139,587     778,573     622,523  

Employees’ severance indemnity

   10,931     11,588     10,617  

Pension benefits - defined benefit plans

   7,454     2,461     1,790  

Employee retention and long term incentive program

   11,120     —       —    
                  
   1,169,092     792,622     634,930  

From Discontinued operations

   (43,058 )   (4,898 )   (5,356 )
                  
   1,126,034     787,724     629,574  
                  

At the year-end, the number of employees was 23,372 in 2007, 21,751 in 2006 and 17,693 in 2005.

 

5 Other operating items

 

          Year ended December 31,  
    

(all amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars)

   2007     2006     2005  

(i)

   Other operating income       
   Reimbursement from insurance companies and other third parties    2,611     1,611     1,966  
   Net income from other sales    21,957     4,512     5,767  
   Net income from sale of investments    —       6,933     —    
   Net rents    2,437     2,490     2,501  
   Fintecna arbitration award, net of legal expenses, related to BHP proceedings    —       —       1,752  
   Other    1,834     —       410  
                     
      28,839     15,546     12,396  
   From Discontinued operations    (135 )   (2,469 )   —    
                     
      28,704     13,077     12,396  
                     

(ii)

   Other operating expenses       
   Contributions to welfare projects and non-profits organizations    2,283     4,463     2,532  
   Provisions for legal claims and contingencies    (51 )   —       8,694  
   Loss on fixed assets and material supplies disposed / scrapped    5,742     4,145     2,146  
   Settlement of outstanding redemptions on Maverick’s 2005 notes    10,275     —       —    
   Loss from natural disasters    5,693     —       —    
   Allowance for doubtful receivables    395     (375 )   1,443  
   Other    —       1,071     —    
                     
      24,337     9,304     14,815  
   From Discontinued operations    (566 )   —       (220 )
                     
      23,771     9,304     14,595  
                     

 

F-26


Table of Contents

Tenaris S.A. Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

 

 

6 Financial results

 

     Year ended December 31,  

(all amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars)

   2007     2006     2005  

Interest income

   93,458     61,401     24,268  

Interest expense

   (275,763 )   (93,638 )   (53,504 )
                  

Interest net

   (182,305 )   (32,237 )   (29,236 )

Net foreign exchange transaction results and changes in fair value of derivative instruments

   (10,782 )   29,129     (86,618 )

Other

   (11,969 )   (1,828 )   6,116  
                  

Other financial results

   (22,751 )   27,301     (80,502 )
                  

Net financial results

   (205,056 )   (4,936 )   (109,738 )

From Discontinued operations

   46     (16 )   1,152  
                  
   (205,010 )   (4,952 )   (108,586 )
                  

Each item included in this note differs from its corresponding line in the income statement because it includes discontinued operations’ results.

 

7 Equity in earnings of associated companies

 

     Year ended December 31,

(all amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars)

   2007    2006     2005

From associated companies

   94,888    95,260     117,003

Gain on sale of associated companies and other

   18,388    (593 )   374
               
   113,276    94,667     117,377
               

 

8 Income tax

 

     Year ended December 31,  

(all amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars)

   2007     2006     2005  

Current tax

   936,831     897,427     637,623  

Deferred tax

   (97,799 )   (17,386 )   (61,837 )
                  
   839,032     880,041     575,786  

Effect of currency translation on tax base (a)

   (5,654 )   (6,060 )   (7,033 )
                  
   833,378     873,981     568,753  

From Discontinued operations

   (9,454 )   (4,004 )   (1,385 )
                  
   823,924     869,977     567,368  
                  

 

F-27


Table of Contents

Tenaris S.A. Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

 

 

8 Income tax (Cont.)

The tax on Tenaris’ income before tax differs from the theoretical amount that would arise using the tax rate in each country as follows:

 

     Year ended December 31,  

(all amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars)

   2007     2006     2005  

Income before income tax

   2,865,491     2,882,201     1,954,703  
                  

Tax calculated at the tax rate in each country

   844,191     901,580     591,167  

Non taxable income / Non deductible expenses

   2,860     (32,562 )   (32,807 )

Changes in the tax rates in Italy, Colombia and Canada

   (27,479 )   —       —    

Effect of currency translation on tax base (a)

   (5,654 )   (6,060 )   (7,033 )

Effect of taxable exchange differences

   11,660     10,069     17,087  

Utilization of previously unrecognized tax losses

   (1,654 )   (3,050 )   (1,046 )
                  

Tax charge

   823,924     869,977     567,368  
                  

 

(a) Tenaris applies the liability method to recognize deferred income tax expense on temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and their carrying amounts in the financial statements. By application of this method, Tenaris recognizes gains and losses on deferred income tax due to the effect of the change in the value of the Argentine peso on the tax basis of the fixed assets of its Argentine subsidiaries, which have the U.S. dollar as their functional currency. These gains and losses are required by IFRS even though the devalued tax basis of the relevant assets will result in a reduced dollar value of amortization deductions for tax purposes in future periods throughout the useful life of those assets. As a result, the resulting deferred income tax charge does not represent a separate obligation of Tenaris that is due and payable in any of the relevant periods.

 

9 Earnings and dividends per share

Earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net income attributable to equity holders of the Company by the daily weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue during the year.

 

     Year ended December 31,  
     2007     2006     2005  

Net income attributable to equity holders

   1,923,748     1,945,314     1,277,547  

Weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue

   1,180,537     1,180,537     1,180,537  

Basic and diluted earnings per share

   1.63     1.65     1.08  

Basic and diluted earnings per ADS

   3.26     3.30     2.16  

Dividends paid

   (507,631 )   (204,233 )   (349,439 )

Dividends per share

   0.43     0.17     0.30  

Dividends per ADS

   0.86     0.35     0.59  

Net income from discontinued operations

   34,492     47,180     (3 )

Basic and diluted earnings per share

   0.03     0.04     0.00  

Basic and diluted earnings per ADS

   0.06     0.08     0.00  

On November 7, 2007, the Company’s board of directors approved the payment of an interim dividend of $0.13 per share ($0.26 per ADS), or approximately $153 million, on November 22, 2007, with an ex-dividend date of November 19.

On June 6, 2007, the Company’s shareholders approved an annual dividend in the amount of $0.30 per share of common stock currently issued and outstanding, which in the aggregate amounted to approximately $354 million. The cash dividend was paid on June 21, 2007.

On June 7, 2006, the Company’s shareholders approved an annual dividend in the amount of $0.30 per share of common stock currently issued and outstanding. The amount approved included the interim dividend previously paid on November 16, 2005, in the amount of $0.127 per share. Tenaris paid the balance of the annual dividend amounting to $0.173 per share ($0.346 per ADS) on June 16, 2006. In the aggregate, the interim dividend paid in November 2005 and the balance paid in June 2006 amounted to approximately $354 million.

The ratio of ordinary shares per American Depositary Shares (ADSs) was changed from a ratio of one ADS equal to ten ordinary shares to a new ratio of one ADS equal to two ordinary shares. The implementation date for this change was April 26, 2006, for shareholders of record at April 17, 2006. Earnings per ADS reflected above have been adjusted for this change in the conversion ratio.

 

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Table of Contents

Tenaris S.A. Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

 

 

10 Property, plant and equipment, net

 

Year ended December 31, 2007

   Land,
building and
improvements
    Plant and
production
equipment
    Vehicles,
furniture
and
fixtures
    Work in
progress
    Spare
parts and
equipment
    Total  

Cost

            

Values at the beginning of the year

   542,947     5,991,966     168,173     392,843     28,412     7,124,341  

Translation differences

   19,840     184,258     4,845     20,324     1,345     230,612  

Additions

   10,502     12,321     2,753     393,579     6,417     425,572  

Disposals / Consumptions

   (9,289 )   (37,596 )   (8,230 )   —       (1,113 )   (56,228 )

Transfers / Reclassifications

   48,939     393,632     23,587     (473,857 )   770     (6,929 )

Increase due to business combinations (see Note 27)

   55,551     81,418     6,973     8,598     —       152,540  

Deconsolidation / Transfer to assets held for sale

   (42,358 )   (86,819 )   (10,622 )   (14,468 )   (13 )   (154,280 )
                                    

Values at the end of the year

   626,132     6,539,180     187,479     327,019     35,818     7,715,628  
                                    

Depreciation

            

Accumulated at the beginning of the year

   146,941     3,917,941     112,900     —       7,318     4,185,100  

Translation differences

   4,842     84,371     3,400     —       417     93,030  

Depreciation charge

   17,259     233,637     24,936     —       1,253     277,085  

Transfers / Reclassifications

   4     (1,418 )   (4,724 )   —       1,483     (4,655 )

Disposals / Consumptions

   (2,382 )   (24,310 )   (5,992 )   —       —       (32,684 )

Deconsolidation / Transfer to assets held for sale

   (18,882 )   (45,523 )   (6,850 )   —       —       (71,255 )
                                    

Accumulated at the end of the year

   147,782     4,164,698     123,670     —       10,471     4,446,621  
                                    

At December 31, 2007

   478,350     2,374,482     63,809     327,019     25,347     3,269,007  
                                    

Year ended December 31, 2006

   Land,
building and
improvements
    Plant and
production
equipment
    Vehicles,
furniture
and
fixtures
    Work in
progress
    Spare
parts and
equipment
    Total  

Cost

            

Values at the beginning of the year

   408,191     5,442,181     126,315     173,715     24,237     6,174,639  

Translation differences

   9,741     124,256     3,784     16,450     1,047     155,278  

Additions

   6,527     14,030     931     387,516     5,400     414,404  

Disposals / Consumptions

   (11,842 )   (34,608 )   (5,434 )   (21 )   (12,559 )   (64,464 )

Transfers / Reclassifications

   12,633     171,274     19,505     (211,450 )   7,731     (307 )

Increase due to business combinations (see Note 27)

   126,003     277,066     26,581     27,557     3,730     460,937  

Deconsolidation / Transfer to assets held for sale

   (8,306 )   (2,233 )   (3,509 )   (924 )   (1,174 )   (16,146 )
                                    

Values at the end of the year

   542,947     5,991,966     168,173     392,843     28,412     7,124,341  
                                    

Depreciation

            

Accumulated at the beginning of the year

   136,231     3,700,676     100,823     —       6,871     3,944,601  

Translation differences

   1,865     56,212     2,197     —       330     60,604  

Depreciation charge

   11,094     174,279     11,332     —       785     197,490  

Transfers / Reclassifications

   (733 )   (2,723 )   3,470     —       (14 )   —    

Disposals / Consumptions

   (38 )   (8,941 )   (2,865 )   —       (3 )   (11,847 )

Deconsolidation / Transfer to assets held for sale

   (1,478 )   (1,562 )   (2,057 )   —       (651 )   (5,748 )
                                    

Accumulated at the end of the year

   146,941     3,917,941     112,900     —       7,318     4,185,100  
                                    

At December 31, 2006

   396,006     2,074,025     55,273     392,843     21,094     2,939,241  
                                    

Property, plant and equipment include capitalized interest for net amounts at December 31, 2007 and 2006 of $2,943 and $2,854, respectively.

 

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Table of Contents

Tenaris S.A. Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

 

 

11 Intangible assets, net

 

Year ended December 31, 2007

   Information
system
projects
    Licenses,
patents and
trademarks (*)
    Goodwill
(**)
    Customer
relationships
    Total  

Cost

          

Values at the beginning of the year

   155,155     103,140     1,227,720     1,493,800     2,979,815  

Translation differences

   6,988     1,297     13,188     77,526     98,999  

Additions

   22,174     171     —       —       22,345  

Increase due to business combinations (see Note 27)

   1,600     497,780     1,042,015     593,800     2,135,195  

Transfers

   1,004     5,925     —       —       6,929  

Reclassifications

   —       460     (11,758 )   231     (11,067 )

Disposals

   (506 )   (209 )   —       —       (715 )

Deconsolidation / Transfer to assets held for sale

   (342 )   (108,041 )   (122,128 )   (93,351 )   (323,862 )
                              

Values at the end of the year

   186,073     500,523     2,149,037     2,072,006     4,907,639  
                              

Amortization and impairment

          

Accumulated at the beginning of the year

   95,079     12,761     —       27,477     135,317  

Translation differences

   5,537     903     —       3,189     9,629  

Amortization charge

   23,819     56,423     —       157,493     237,735  

Transfers

   —       4,655     —       —       4,655  

Disposals

   (9 )   (209 )   —       —       (218 )

Deconsolidation / Transfer to assets held for sale

   (262 )   (7,333 )   —       (14,236 )   (21,831 )
                              

Accumulated at the end of the year

   124,164     67,200     —       173,923     365,287  
                              

At December 31, 2007

   61,909     433,323     2,149,037     1,898,083     4,542,352  
                              

Year ended December 31, 2006

   Information
system
projects
    Licenses,
patents and
trademarks
    Goodwill
(**)
    Customer
relationships
    Total  

Cost

          

Values at the beginning of the year

   129,417     10,285     113,433     —       253,135  

Translation differences

   5,649     1,000     —       —       6,649  

Additions

   26,137     931     —       —       27,068  

Increase due to business combinations (see Note 27)

   11,811     97,900     1,114,287     1,493,800     2,717,798  

Transfers / Reclassifications

   307     —       —       —       307  

Disposals

   (1,165 )   (18 )   —       —       (1,183 )

Deconsolidation / Transfer to assets held for sale

   (17,001 )   (6,958 )   —       —       (23,959 )
                              

Values at the end of the year

   155,155     103,140     1,227,720     1,493,800     2,979,815  
                              

Amortization and impairment

          

Accumulated at the beginning of the year

   85,164     8,872     —       —       94,036  

Translation differences

   4,175     1,131     —       —       5,306  

Amortization charge

   20,746     9,291     —       27,477     57,514  

Transfers / Reclassifications

   —       —       —       —       —    

Disposals

   (1,035 )   (18 )   —       —       (1,053 )

Deconsolidation / Transfer to assets held for sale

   (13,971 )   (6,515 )   —       —       (20,486 )
                              

Accumulated at the end of the year

   95,079     12,761     —       27,477     135,317  
                              

At December 31, 2006

   60,076     90,379     1,227,720     1,466,323     2,844,498  
                              

 

(*) Includes Proprietary Technology.

 

(**) Goodwill at December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006 corresponds principally to the Tubes segment.

 

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Table of Contents

Tenaris S.A. Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

 

 

11 Intangible assets, net (Cont.)

The geographical allocation of goodwill is presented below.

 

     Year ended December 31,
     2007    2006

South America

   190,778    94,641

Europe

   769    769

North America

   1,957,490    1,132,310
         
   2,149,037    1,227,720
         

Impairment tests for goodwill

Goodwill is tested at the level of the CGUs. Impairment testing of the CGU is carried out and the value in use determined in accordance with the discounted cash flow method. In order to perform the test, Tenaris uses projections for the next 10 years based on past performance and expectations of market development. After the tenth year a perpetuity rate with no grow up increase was utilized. The discount rates used for these tests are based on Tenaris’ weighted average cost of capital adjusted for specific country and currency risks associated with the cash flow projections. Discount rates used range from 10% to 15%.

No impairment charge resulted from the tests performed.

 

12 Investments in associated companies

 

     Year ended December 31,  
     2007     2006  

At the beginning of the year

   422,958     257,234  

Translation differences

   3,595     (4,016 )

Equity in earnings of associated companies

   94,888     95,260  

Dividends and distributions received

   (12,170 )   —    

Reorganization of Dalmine Energie, Lomond and others

   83     10,014  

Capitalization of convertible loan in Amazonia

   —       40,505  

Increase in equity reserves in Ternium

   —       23,961  
            

At the end of the year

   509,354     422,958  
            

The principal associated companies are:

 

Company

  

Country of

incorporation

   Percentage of ownership and
voting rights at December 31,
    Value at December 31,
              2007                     2006                     2007                    2006        

Ternium S.A.

   Luxembourg    11.46 %   11.46 %   487,705    408,044

Dalmine Energie S.p.A.

   Italy    0.00 %   25.00 %   —      8,402

Others

   —      —       —       21,649    6,512
                
          509,354    422,958
                

 

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Table of Contents

Tenaris S.A. Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

 

 

12 Investments in associated companies (Cont.)

Summarized financial information of each significant associated company, including the aggregated amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and profit or loss is as follows:

 

     Ternium S.A.    Dalmine Energie S.p.A. (a)
     2007    2006    2007    2006

Non-current assets

   8,619,297    6,117,284    —      9,174

Current assets

   5,148,013    2,653,255    —      227,394
                   

Total assets

   13,767,310    8,770,539    —      236,568
                   

Non-current liabilities

   5,415,071    1,875,894    —      5,017

Current liabilities

   1,985,349    1,407,504    —      197,944
                   

Total liabilities

   7,400,420    3,283,398    —      202,961
                   

Minority interest

   1,914,210    1,729,583    —      —  

Revenues

   8,184,381    6,565,582    —      77,847

Gross profit

   2,388,341    2,268,603    —      4,271

Net income for the period attributable to equity holders of the company

   784,490    795,424    —      7,785

 

(a) Corresponds to the result of the one month period ended December 31, 2006.

 

13 Other investments – non current

 

     Year ended December 31,
     2007    2006

Deposits with insurance companies

   14,661    13,937

Investments in other companies

   12,568    12,724

Others

   8,274    173
         
   35,503    26,834
         

 

14 Receivables – non current

 

     Year ended December 31,  
     2007     2006  

Government entities

   5,637     5,798  

Employee advances and loans

   10,464     7,768  

Tax credits

   13,547     11,640  

Trade receivables

   1,135     1,144  

Receivables from related parties

   633     2,829  

Receivables on off-take contract

   4,439     8,377  

Legal deposits

   19,724     2,182  

Derivative financial instruments

   9,677     414  

Other

   9,065     15,206  
            
   74,321     55,358  

Allowances for doubtful accounts (see Note 23 (i))

   (10,583 )   (14,120 )
            
   63,738     41,238  
            

 

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Tenaris S.A. Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

 

 

15 Inventories

 

     Year ended December 31,  
     2007     2006  

Finished goods

   1,050,634     1,060,322  

Goods in process

   544,020     430,828  

Raw materials

   402,476     421,322  

Supplies

   389,188     328,324  

Goods in transit

   314,749     210,985  
            
   2,701,067     2,451,781  

Allowance for obsolescence (Note 24 (i))

   (102,211 )   (79,473 )
            
   2,598,856     2,372,308  
            

 

16 Receivables and prepayments

 

     Year ended December 31,  
     2007     2006  

Prepaid expenses and other receivables

   37,727     59,346  

Government entities

   3,225     1,951  

Employee advances and loans

   10,886     8,677  

Advances to suppliers and other advances

   58,701     124,900  

Government tax refunds on exports

   34,519     33,387  

Receivables from related parties

   35,551     19,160  

Derivative financial instruments

   5,581     1,498  

Miscellaneous

   43,504     31,497  
            
   229,694     280,416  

Allowance for other doubtful accounts (see Note 24 (i))

   (7,284 )   (7,784 )
            
   222,410     272,632  
            

 

17 Current tax assets

 

     Year ended December 31,
     2007    2006

V.A.T. credits

   126,674    123,366

Prepaid taxes

   116,083    79,352
         
   242,757    202,718
         

 

18 Trade receivables

 

     Year ended December 31,  
     2007     2006  

Current accounts

   1,651,012     1,544,202  

Notes receivables

   104,747     83,906  

Receivables from related parties

   17,604     19,919  
            
   1,773,363     1,648,027  

Allowance for doubtful accounts (see Note 24 (i))

   (24,530 )   (22,786 )
            
   1,748,833     1,625,241  
            

 

F-33


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Tenaris S.A. Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

 

 

18 Trade receivables (Cont.)

The following table sets forth details of the age of trade receivables:

 

     Trade
Receivables
    Not Due    Past due  
          1 - 180 days     > 180 days  

At December 31, 2007

         

Guaranteed

   886,970     746,722    97,407     42,841  

Not guaranteed

   886,393     704,031    158,735     23,627  
                       

Guaranteed and not guaranteed

   1,773,363     1,450,753    256,142     66,468  

Allowance for doubtful accounts

   (24,530 )   —      (789 )   (23,741 )
                       

Net Value

   1,748,833     1,450,753    255,353     42,727  
                       

At December 31, 2006

         

Guaranteed

   671,260     607,343    55,358     8,559  

Not guaranteed

   976,767     786,015    170,659     20,093  
                       

Guaranteed and not guaranteed

   1,648,027     1,393,358    226,017     28,652  

Allowance for doubtful accounts

   (22,786 )   —      —       (22,786 )
                       

Net Value

   1,625,241     1,393,358    226,017     5,866  
                       

No material financial assets that are fully performing have been renegotiated in the last year.

 

19 Cash and cash equivalents, and Other investments

 

     Year ended December 31,
     2007    2006

Other investments

     

Financial assets

   87,530    183,604
         

Cash and cash equivalents

     

Cash and short - term liquid investments

   962,497    1,372,329
         

 

20 Borrowings

 

     Year ended December 31,  
     2007     2006  

Non-Current

    

Bank borrowings

   2,858,122     2,823,052  

Other loans

   24,071     50,479  

Finance lease liabilities

   1,067     4,565  

Costs of issue of debt

   (13,794 )   (21,050 )
            
   2,869,466     2,857,046  

Current

    

Bank Borrowings

   1,119,004     707,610  

Other loans

   32,521     83,942  

Bank Overdrafts

   8,194     7,300  

Finance lease liabilities

   696     1,384  

Costs of issue of debt

   (9,636 )   (6,039 )
            
   1,150,779     794,197  
            

Total Borrowings

   4,020,245     3,651,243  
            

 

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Table of Contents

Tenaris S.A. Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

 

 

20 Borrowings (Cont.)

The maturity of borrowings is as follows:

 

     1 year or
less
   1 - 2
years
   2 - 3
years
   3 - 4
years
   4 - 5
years
   Over 5
years
   Total

At December 31, 2007

                    

Financial lease

   696    524    269    106    168    —      1,763

Other borrowings

   1,150,083    1,855,887    503,503    441,345    45,850    21,814    4,018,482
                                  

Total borrowings

   1,150,779    1,856,411    503,772    441,451    46,018    21,814    4,020,245
                                  

Interest to be accrued

   208,443    130,034    55,227    26,784    1,781    4,067    426,336
                                  

Total borrowings plus interest to be accrued

   1,359,222    1,986,445    558,999    468,235    47,799    25,881    4,446,581
                                  

Significant borrowings include:

 

     In million of $

Disbursement date

   Borrower    Type    Original    Outstanding    Maturity

May 2007

   Tenaris    Syndicated    1,000.0    1,000.0    May 2009 (*)

October 2006

   Siderca    Syndicated    480.5    416.6    October 2009

March 2005

   Tamsa    Syndicated    300.0    300.0    March 2010

October 2006

   Tamsa    Syndicated    700.0    622.2    October 2011

October 2006

   Maverick    Syndicated    750.0    536.8    October 2011

October 2006

   Dalmine    Syndicated    150.0    133.3    October 2011

May 2007

   Hydril    Syndicated    300.0    300.0    May 2012

 

(*) At the company’s option this loan may be extended at a market rate until May 2012 notifying the agent at least three labor days before original maturity.

The main covenants on these loan agreements are stated in Note 27 a) and c).

Tenaris’ consolidated debt includes $90 million of Dalmine and $21 million of Confab secured by certain properties of these subsidiaries.

As of December 31, 2007, Tenaris was in compliance with all of its covenants.

The weighted average interest rates before tax shown below were calculated using the rates set for each instrument in its corresponding currency as of December 31, 2007 and 2006. The changes in interest rate are basically due to changes in floating interest rate.

 

     2007     2006  

Bank borrowings

   5.80 %   6.12 %

Other loans

   5.50 %   5.50 %

Finance lease liabilities

   2.52 %   3.71 %

 

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Table of Contents

Tenaris S.A. Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

 

 

20 Borrowings (Cont.)

Breakdown of long-term borrowings by currency and rate is as follows:

Non current bank borrowings

 

          Year ended December 31,  

Currency

   Interest rates    2007     2006  

USD

   Variable    3,448,850     3,140,894  

USD

   Fixed    18     10,289  

EUR

   Variable    34,268     40,462  

EUR

   Fixed    6,772     6,246  

JPY

   Fixed    —       11,854  

BRS

   Variable    20,596     25,938  
               
      3,510,504     3,235,683  

Less: Current portion of medium and long-term loans

   (652,382 )   (412,631 )
               

Total non current bank borrowings

      2,858,122     2,823,052  
               

Non current other loans

 

          Year ended December 31,  

Currency

   Interest rates    2007     2006  

COP

   Variable    —       622  

USD

   Variable    26,412     52,853  
               
      26,412     53,475  

Less: Current portion of medium and long-term loans

   (2,341 )   (2,996 )
               

Total non current other loans

      24,071     50,479  
               

Non current finance lease liabilities

 

          Year ended December 31,  

Currency

   Interest rates    2007     2006  

EUR

   Fixed    367     79  

EUR

   Variable    66     —    

COP

   Variable    74     185  

USD

   Fixed    14     —    

JPY

   Fixed    1,242     5,685  
               
      1,763     5,949  

Less: Current portion of medium and long-term loans

   (696 )   (1,384 )
               

Total non current finance leases

      1,067     4,565  
               

The carrying amounts of Tenaris’ assets pledged as collateral of liabilities are as follows:

 

     Year ended December 31,
     2007    2006

Property, plant and equipment mortgages

   366,960    554,078
         

 

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Table of Contents

Tenaris S.A. Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

 

 

20 Borrowings (Cont.)

Breakdown of short-term borrowings by currency and rate is as follows:

Current bank borrowings

 

          Year ended December 31,

Currency

   Interest rates    2007    2006

USD

   Variable    626,946    456,954

USD

   Fixed    194,098    202,620

EUR

   Variable    209,418    23,365

EUR

   Fixed    1,432    1,146

JPY

   Fixed    —      11,854

BRS

   Variable    6,665    8,255

ARS

   Fixed    32,383    —  

NGN

   Fixed    —      3,403

MXN

   Fixed    40,981    —  

VEB

   Fixed    7,081    13
            

Total current bank borrowings

      1,119,004    707,610
            

Bank overdrafts

 

     Year ended December 31,

Currency

   2007    2006

USD

   260    1,855

EUR

   40    2,558

ARS

   5,523    1,839

VEB

   57    —  

CAD

   9    864

NOK

   —      182

NGN

   2,187    —  

COP

   116    —  

RON

   2    2
         

Total current bank overdrafts

   8,194    7,300
         

Current other loans

 

          Year ended December 31,

Currency

   Interest rates    2007    2006

EUR

   Variable    28,920    73,183

USD

   Variable    3,530    10,251

USD

   Fixed    —      462

COP

   Variable    —      46

AED

   Variable    71    —  
            

Total Current other loans

      32,521    83,942
            

 

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Table of Contents

Tenaris S.A. Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

 

 

20 Borrowings (Cont.)

Current finance lease liabilities

 

          Year ended December 31,

Currency

   Interest rates    2007    2006

EUR

   Fixed    173    21

EUR

   Variable    24    —  

COP

   Variable    74    121

JPY

   Fixed    420    1,242

USD

   Fixed    5    —  
            

Total current finance leases

      696    1,384
            

 

21 Deferred income tax

Deferred income taxes are calculated in full on temporary differences under the liability method using the tax rate of each country.

The movement on the deferred income tax account is as follows:

 

     Year ended December 31,  
     2007     2006  

At the beginning of the year

   700,304     158,521  

Translation differences

   27,666     2,570  

Increase due to business combinations

   353,845     560,450  

Deconsolidation / Transfer to held for sale

   (68,086 )   2,971  

Income statement credit

   (97,799 )   (17,386 )

Effect of currency translation on tax base

   (5,654 )   (6,060 )

Deferred employees’ statutory profit sharing charge

   12,970     (762 )
            

At the end of the year

   923,246     700,304  
            

The evolution of deferred tax assets and liabilities during the year are as follows:

Deferred tax liabilities

 

     Fixed assets     Inventories     Intangible and
Other (a)
    Total  

At the beginning of the year

   317,148     51,367     623,430     991,945  

Translation differences

   14,411     139     20,876     35,426  

Increase due to business combinations

   14,668     8,467     365,633     388,768  

Deconsolidation / Transfer to held for sale

   (4,641 )   (7,611 )   (63,661 )   (75,913 )

Income statement charge / (credit)

   (41,127 )   (12,742 )   (52,521 )   (106,390 )
                        

At December 31,2007

   300,459     39,620     893,757     1,233,836  
                        

 

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Tenaris S.A. Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

 

 

21 Deferred income tax (Cont.)

 

     Fixed assets    Inventories     Intangible and
Other (a)
    Total  

At the beginning of the year

   227,370    45,600     80,425     353,395  

Translation differences

   6,670    (308 )   131     6,493  

Increase due to business combinations

   75,455    2,286     581,097     658,838  

Deconsolidation / Transfer to held for sale

   —      (6 )   (163 )   (169 )

Income statement charge / (credit)

   7,653    3,795     (38,060 )   (26,612 )
                       

At December 31,2006

   317,148    51,367     623,430     991,945  
                       

 

(a) Includes the effect of currency translation on tax base explained in Note 8

Deferred tax assets

 

     Provisions
and
allowances
    Inventories     Tax losses     Other     Total  

At the beginning of the year

   (42,270 )   (142,843 )   (3,634 )   (102,894 )   (291,641 )

Translation differences

   (4,815 )   (1,033 )   (436 )   (1,476 )   (7,760 )

Increase due to business combinations

   (29,919 )   (3,235 )   (235 )   (1,534 )   (34,923 )

Deconsolidation / Transfer to assets held for sale

   9,655     3,321     51     (5,200 )   7,827  

Income statement charge / (credit)

   20,612     138     2,858     (7,701 )   15,907  
                              

At December 31, 2007

   (46,737 )   (143,652 )   (1,396 )   (118,805 )   (310,590 )
                              

 

     Provisions
and
allowances
    Inventories     Tax losses     Other     Total  

At the beginning of the year

   (32,631 )   (74,214 )   (11,993 )   (76,036 )   (194,874 )

Translation differences

   (2,342 )   (179 )   (577 )   (825 )   (3,923 )

Increase due to business combinations

   (7,005 )   (3,137 )   (1,112 )   (87,134 )   (98,388 )

Deconsolidation / Transfer to assets held for sale

   975     —       —       2,165     3,140  

Income statement charge / (credit)

   (1,267 )   (65,313 )   10,048     58,936     2,404  
                              

At December 31, 2006

   (42,270 )   (142,843 )   (3,634 )   (102,894 )   (291,641 )
                              

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when (1) there is a legally enforceable right to setoff current tax assets against current tax liabilities and (2) the deferred income taxes relate to the same fiscal authority. The following amounts, determined after appropriate setoff, are shown in the consolidated balance sheet:

 

     Year ended December 31,  
     2007     2006  

Deferred tax assets

   (310,590 )   (291,641 )

Deferred tax liabilities

   1,233,836     991,945  
            
   923,246     700,304  
            

The amounts shown in the balance sheet include the following:

 

     Year ended December 31,  
     2007     2006  

Deferred tax assets to be recovered after more than 12 months

   (74,741 )   (79,811 )

Deferred tax liabilities to be recovered after more than 12 months

   1,214,468     849,730  

 

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Tenaris S.A. Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

 

 

22 Other liabilities

 

(i) Other liabilities – Non current

 

     Year ended December 31,
     2007    2006

Employee liabilities

     

Employee’s statutory profit sharing

   51,217    64,196

Employee severance indemnity

   59,862    67,598

Pension benefits

   41,877    36,067

Employee retention and long term incentive program

   11,120    —  
         
   164,076    167,861
         

Taxes payable

   8,723    8,842

Miscellaneous (*)

   12,611    10,021
         
   21,334    18,863
         
   185,410    186,724
         

 

(*) For 2007 and 2006 includes $45 and $110 of Derivative financial instruments, respectively.

(a) Employees’ severance indemnity

The amounts recognized in the balance sheet are as follows:

 

     Year ended December 31,
     2007    2006

Total included in non - current Employee liabilities

   59,862    67,598
         

The amounts recognized in the income statement are as follows:

 

     Year ended December 31,
     2007    2006    2005

Current service cost

   7,877    8,737    7,846

Interest cost

   3,054    2,851    2,771
              

Total included in Labor costs

   10,931    11,588    10,617
              

The principal actuarial assumptions used were as follows:

 

     Year ended December 31,
     2007    2006    2005

Discount rate

   4% - 5%    4% - 5%    5%

Rate of compensation increase

   2% - 4%    2% - 4%    4%

(b) Pension benefits

The amounts recognized in the balance sheet are determined as follows:

 

     Year ended December 31,  
     2007     2006  

Present value of unfunded obligations

   55,014     41,156  

Unrecognized actuarial losses

   (13,137 )   (5,089 )
            

Liability in the balance sheet

   41,877     36,067  
            

 

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Table of Contents

Tenaris S.A. Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

 

 

22 Other liabilities (Cont.)

 

(i) Other liabilities – Non current (Cont.)

(b) Pension benefits (Cont.)

The amounts recognized in the income statement are as follows:

 

     Year ended December 31,
     2007     2006     2005

Current service cost

   5,248     1,400     544

Interest cost

   6,421     2,185     917

Net actuarial (losses) gains recognized in the year

   (4,215 )   (1,124 )   329
                

Total included in Labor costs

   7,454     2,461     1,790
                

Movement in the liability recognized in the balance sheet:

 

     Year ended December 31,  
     2007     2006  

At the beginning of the year

   36,067     10,788  

Translation differences

   3,864     (654 )

Transfers and new participants of the plan

   (417 )   992  

Total expense

   7,454     2,461  

Contributions paid

   (11,272 )   (2,696 )

Increase due to business combinations

   8,631     25,307  

Deconsolidation / Transfer to held for sale

   (2,450 )   (131 )
            

At the end of the year

   41,877     36,067  
            

The principal actuarial assumptions used were as follows:

 

     Year ended December 31,
     2007    2006    2005

Discount rate

   5% - 7%    5% - 7%    7%

Rate of compensation increase

   2% - 5%    2% - 5%    2%

 

(ii) Other liabilities – current

 

     Year ended December 31,
     2007    2006

Payroll and social security payable

   187,851    148,146

Liabilities with related parties

   7,846    2,237

Derivative financial instruments

   15,506    2,090

Miscellaneous

   41,001    35,228
         
   252,204    187,701
         

 

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Table of Contents

Tenaris S.A. Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

 

 

23 Non-current allowances and provisions

 

(i) Deducted from non current receivables

 

     Year ended December 31,  
     2007     2006  

Values at the beginning of the year

   (14,120 )   (15,450 )

Translation differences

   141     153  

Reversals / Additional allowances

   (558 )   (15 )

Used

   3,954     1,192  
            

At December 31,

   (10,583 )   (14,120 )
            

 

(ii) Liabilities

 

     Year ended December 31,  
     2007     2006  

Values at the beginning of the year

   92,027     43,964  

Translation differences

   6,747     2,999  

Increase due to business combinations

   2,997     11,394  

Deconsolidation / Transfer to held for sale

   (780 )   —    

Reversals / Additional provisions

   22,393     12,146  

Reclassifications

   (4,534 )   31,910  

Used

   (20,938 )   (10,386 )
            

At December 31,

   97,912     92,027  
            

 

24 Current allowances and provisions

 

(i) Deducted from assets

 

      Allowance for
doubtful accounts -
Trade receivables
    Allowance for other
doubtful accounts -
Other receivables
    Allowance for
inventory
obsolescence
 

Year ended December 31, 2007

      

Values at the beginning of the year

   (22,786 )   (7,784 )   (79,473 )

Translation differences

   (1,383 )   (385 )   (3,949 )

Increase due to business combinations

   (1,222 )   (534 )   (13,517 )

Deconsolidation / Transfer to assets held for sale

   904     1     14,308  

Reversals / Additional allowances

   (5,065 )   193     (24,371 )

Reclassifications

   —       —       (3,527 )

Used

   5,022     1,225     8,318  
                  

At December 31, 2007

   (24,530 )   (7,284 )   (102,211 )
                  

Year ended December 31, 2006

      

Values at the beginning of the year

   (24,962 )   (13,087 )   (85,750 )

Translation differences

   (1,274 )   (575 )   (4,151 )

Increase due to business combinations

   (1,673 )   (188 )   (253 )

Deconsolidation / Transfer to assets held for sale

   3,222     —       —    

Reversals / Additional allowances

   (1,449 )   640     8,006  

Used

   3,350     5,426     2,675  
                  

At December 31, 2006

   (22,786 )   (7,784 )   (79,473 )
                  

 

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Table of Contents

Tenaris S.A. Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

 

 

24 Current allowances and provisions (Cont.)

 

(ii) Liabilities

 

     Sales risks     Other claims and
contingencies
    Total  

Year ended December 31, 2007

      

Values at the beginning of the year

   20,094     6,551     26,645  

Translation differences

   350     1,221     1,571  

Increase due to business combinations

   3,471     —       3,471  

Deconsolidation / Transfer to held for sale

   (3,157 )   —       (3,157 )

Reversals / Additional allowances

   4,035     7,450     11,485  

Reclassifications

   (3,527 )   —       (3,527 )

Used

   (12,130 )   (5,016 )   (17,146 )
                  

At December 31, 2007

   9,136     10,206     19,342  
                  

Year ended December 31, 2006

      

Values at the beginning of the year

   3,489     33,456     36,945  

Translation differences

   112     2,690     2,802  

Increase due to business combinations

   16,700     781     17,481  

Reversals / Additional allowances

   840     808     1,648  

Reclassifications

   —       (27,977 )   (27,977 )

Used

   (1,047 )   (3,207 )   (4,254 )
                  

At December 31, 2006

   20,094     6,551     26,645  
                  

 

25 Derivative financial instruments

Net fair values of derivative financial instruments

The net fair values of derivative financial instruments disclosed within Other liabilities and Other receivables at the balance sheet date, in accordance with IAS 39, are:

 

     Year ended December 31,  
     2007     2006  

Contracts with positive fair values

    

Interest rate swap contracts

   —       722  

Forward foreign exchange contracts

   15,258     1,188  

Contracts with negative fair values

    

Interest rate swap contracts

   (3,013 )   (242 )

Forward foreign exchange contracts

   (12,538 )   (1,958 )

To partially hedge future interest payments, as well as to minimize the effect of floating rates, Tenaris has entered into a number of zero cost interest rate collars. In these contracts, the Company has agreed to exchange with the counterparty, at specified intervals, the difference between interest amounts calculated by reference to an agreed-upon notional principal amount, to the extent that it is lower than the floor or greater than the cap established in such contracts. A total notional amount of $2,300 million was covered by these instruments, of which $500 million remain open until the next interest rate fixing dates, which shall occur in May 2008.

 

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Tenaris S.A. Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

 

 

25 Derivative financial instruments (Cont.)

Derivative financial instruments breakdown is as follows:

Variable interest rate swaps

 

Type of derivative

   Rate    Term    Notional
Amount
   Fair Value  
            Year ended December 31,  
            2007     2006  

Interest rate collars

   Libor    2008    1,500,000    —       712  

Interest rate collars

   Libor    2008    800,000    (2,922 )   —    

Pay fixed / Receive variable

   Euribor    2010    3,756    (91 )   (232 )
                     
            (3,013 )   480  
                     

Exchange rate derivatives

In addition to derivative transactions performed to achieve coverage against foreign exchange rate risk, Tenaris has identified certain embedded derivatives and in accordance with IAS 39 (“Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement”) accounted them separately from their host contracts.

 

               Fair Value  
               Year ended December 31,  

Currencies

  

Contract

   Term    2007     2006  

USD / CAD

  

Embedded Canadian Dollar Forward Purchases

   2017    9,677     —    

USD / EUR

  

Euro Forward purchases

   2008    1,408     870  

JPY / USD

  

Japanese Yen Forward purchases

   2008    (1,157 )   (1,229 )

CAD / USD

  

Canadian Dollar Forward sales

   2008    3,062     318  

BRL / USD

  

Brazilian Real Forward sales

   2008    (126 )   —    

KWD / USD

  

Kuwaiti Dinar Forward sales

   2008    (10,821 )   (370 )

COP / USD

  

Colombian Peso Forward sales

   2008    111     —    

RON / USD

  

Romanian Leu Forward sales

   2008    87     —    

GBP / USD

  

Great Britain Pound Forward sales

   2008    152     —    

USD / MXN

  

Mexican Peso Forward purchases

   2008    327     —    

ARS / USD

  

Argentine Peso Forward sales

   2007    —       (359 )
                  
         2,720     (770 )
                  

Hedge Accounting

Tenaris only applies hedge accounting for certain cash flow hedges of highly probable forecast transactions. The following are the derivatives or portions of derivatives taken in order to hedge the gross margin of sales in currencies other than the U.S. dollars and loans at variable rate, and the reserved amounts designated for hedge accounting as of December 31, 2007.

 

   

Foreign Exchange Hedge

 

               Fair Value  
               Year ended December 31,  

Currencies

  

Contract

   Term    2007     2006  

USD / EUR

  

Euro Forward purchases

   2008    972     960  

KWD / USD

  

Kuwaiti Dinar Forward sales

   2008    (6,434 )   (149 )
                  
         (5,462 )   811  
                  

 

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Tenaris S.A. Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

 

 

25 Derivative financial instruments (Cont.)

 

   

Interest Rate Hedge

 

                         Fair Value
                         Year ended December 31,

Type of Derivative

   Rate    Term    Rate    Outstanding    2007     2006

Interest rate collars

   Libor    2008    3.9% - 5.4%    1,500,000    —       712

Interest rate collars

   Libor    2008    4.45% - 5.4%    800,000    (2,922 )   —  

Pay fixed / Receive variable

   Euribor    2010    5.72%    3,756    (91 )   555
                      
               (3,013 )   1,267
                      

Since the implementation of hedge accounting, first quarter 2006, there has only been partial ineffectiveness during last period recognized in profit and loss for $0.3 million. The following is a summary of the hedge reserve evolution:

 

     Equity Reserve
Dec-05
   Movements
2006
   Equity Reserve
Dec-06
   Movements
2007
    Equity Reserve
Dec-07
 

Foreign Exchange

   —      811    811    (6,273 )   (5,462 )

Interest Rate

   —      1,267    1,267    (4,280 )   (3,013 )
                           

Total Cash flow Hedge

   —      2,078    2,078    (10,553 )   (8,475 )
                           

 

26 Contingencies, commitments and restrictions on the distribution of profits

Contingencies:

Tenaris is involved in litigation arising from time to time in the ordinary course of business. Based on management’s assessment and the advice of legal counsel, it is not anticipated that the ultimate resolution of pending litigation will result in amounts in excess of recorded provisions (Notes 23 and 24) that would be material to Tenaris’ consolidated financial position or results of operations.

Asbestos-related litigation

Dalmine S.p.A. (“Dalmine”), a Tenaris subsidiary organized in Italy is currently subject to 13 civil proceedings for work-related injuries arising from the use of asbestos in its manufacturing processes during the period from 1960 to 1980. In addition, another 43 asbestos related out-of-court claims and 1 civil party claim have been forwarded to Dalmine.

As of December 31, 2007, the total claims pending against Dalmine were 57 (of which, 3 are covered by insurance): during 2007, 29 new claims were filed, 2 claims were adjudicated, 2 claims were dismissed and no claim was settled. Aggregate settlement costs to date for Tenaris are Euro 5.1 million ($7.5 million). Dalmine estimates that its potential liability in connection with the claims not yet settled is approximately Euro 19.8 million ($29.1 million).

Accruals for Dalmine’s potential liability are based on the average of the amounts paid by Dalmine for asbestos-related claims plus an additional amount related to some reimbursements requested by the social security authority. The maximum potential liability is not determinable as in some cases the requests for damages do not specify amounts, and instead is to be determined by the court. The timing of payment of the amounts claimed is not presently determinable.

 

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Tenaris S.A. Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

 

 

26 Contingencies, commitments and restrictions on the distribution of profits (Cont.)

Maverick litigation

On December 11, 2006, The Bank of New York (“BNY”), as trustee for the holders of Tenaris’ subsidiary Maverick Tube Corporation (“Maverick”) 2004 4% Convertible Senior Subordinated Notes due 2033 issued pursuant to an Indenture between Maverick and BNY (“Noteholders”), filed a complaint against Maverick and Tenaris in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. The complaint alleges that Tenaris’ acquisition of Maverick triggered the “Public Acquirer Change of Control” provision of Indenture, asserting breach of contract claim against Maverick for refusing to deliver the consideration specified in the “Public Acquirer Change of Control” provision of the Indenture to Noteholders who entered their notes for such consideration. This complaint seeks a declaratory judgment that Tenaris’ acquisition of Maverick was a “Public Acquirer Change of Control” under the Indenture, and asserts claims for tortuous interference with contract and unjust enrichment against Tenaris. Defendants filed a motion to dismiss the complaint, or in the alternative, for summary judgment on March 13, 2007. Plaintiff filed a motion for partial summary judgment on the same date. Briefing on the motions has been completed. Because Law Debenture Trust Company of New York has succeeded BNY as trustee under the Indenture, on January 25, 2008 plaintiff and defendant have submitted a stipulation on the court substituting Law Debenture for BNY.

Tenaris believes that these claims are without merit. Accordingly, no provision was recorded in these Consolidated Financial Statements. Were plaintiff to prevail, Tenaris estimates that the recovery would be approximately $50 million.

Customer Claim

A lawsuit was filed on September 6, 2007 against Maverick, alleging negligence, gross negligence and intentional acts characterized as fraudulent inducement concerning allegedly defective well casing. Plaintiff alleges the complete loss of one natural gas production well and “formation damage” that precludes further exploration and production at the well site. Plaintiff seeks compensatory and punitive damages of $25 million. On September 10, 2007, this lawsuit was tendered to Maverick’s insurer and on September 26, 2007, Maverick received the insurer’s agreement to provide a defense. The insurer has reserved its rights regarding any potential indemnity obligation. No provision related to this claim was recorded in these Consolidated Financial Statements.

Conversion of tax loss carry-forwards

On December 18, 2000, the Argentine tax authorities notified Siderca S.A.I.C., a Tenaris subsidiary organized in Argentina (“Siderca”), of an income tax assessment related to the conversion of tax loss carry-forwards into Debt Consolidation Bonds under Argentine Law No. 24.073. The adjustments proposed by the tax authorities represent an estimated contingency of ARS 76.8 million (approximately $24.4 million) at December 31, 2007, in taxes and penalties. Based on the views of Siderca’s tax advisors, Tenaris believes that the ultimate resolution of the matter will not result in a material obligation. Accordingly, no provision was recorded in these Consolidated Financial Statements.

European Commission Fine

On January 25, 2007, the Court of Justice of the European Commission confirmed the December 8, 1998 decision by the European Commission to fine eight international steel pipe manufacturers, including Dalmine, for violation of European competition laws. Pursuant to the Court’s decision, Dalmine is required to pay a fine of Euro 10.1 million plus interest (approximately $13.3 million plus interest). Since the infringements for which the fine was imposed took place prior to the acquisition of Dalmine by Tenaris in 1996, Dalmine’s former owner has reimbursed Dalmine for 84.1% of the fine. The remaining 15.9% of the fine has been paid out in 2007 of the provision that Dalmine established in 1999 for such proceeding.

 

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Tenaris S.A. Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

 

 

26 Contingencies, commitments and restrictions on the distribution of profits (Cont.)

Commitments:

Set forth is a description of Tenaris’ main outstanding commitments:

 

   

A Tenaris company is party to a ten year raw material purchase contract with QIT, under which it committed to purchase steel bars, with deliveries starting in July 2007. The estimated aggregate amount of the contract at current prices is approximately $292 million.

 

   

A Tenaris company is party to a five year contract with Nucor Corporation, under which it committed to purchase from Nucor steel coils, with deliveries starting in January 2007. Prices are adjusted quarterly in accordance with market conditions and the estimated aggregate amount of the contract at current prices is approximately $1,077 million.

 

   

A Tenaris company is party to a steel supply agreement with IPSCO, under which it committed to purchase steel until 2011. Prices are adjusted monthly or quarterly and the estimated aggregate amount of the contract at current prices is approximately $127 million. Each party may terminate this agreement at any time upon a one-year notice.

 

   

A Tenaris company is party to transportation capacity agreements with Transportadora de Gas del Norte S.A. for capacity of 1,000,000 cubic meters per day until 2017. As of December 31, 2007, the outstanding value of this commitment was approximately $53 million. The Tenaris company also expects to obtain additional gas transportation capacity of 315,000 cubic meters per day until 2027. This commitment is subject to the enlargement of certain pipelines in Argentina.

 

   

In August 2004 Matesi Materiales Siderúrgicos S.A. (“Matesi”) entered into a ten-year off-take contract pursuant to which Matesi is required to sell to a Tenaris affiliate Sidor S.A. (“Sidor”) on a take-or-pay basis 29.9% of Matesi’s HBI production. In addition, Sidor has the right to increase its proportion on Matesi’s production by an extra 19.9% until reaching 49.8% of Matesi’s HBI production. Under the contract, the sale price is determined on a cost-plus basis. The contract is renewable for additional three year periods unless Matesi or Sidor objects its renewal more than a year prior to its termination.

 

   

In July 2004, Matesi a Tenaris subsidiary organized in Venezuela, entered into a twenty-year agreement with C.V.G. Electrificación del Caroní, C.A. (“Edelca”) for the purchase of electric power under certain take-or-pay conditions, with an option to terminate the contract at any time upon three years notice. The outstanding value of the contract at December 31, 2007 is approximately $44.5 million.

 

   

A Tenaris company is party to a contract with Siderar for the supply of steam generated at the power generation facility owned by Tenaris in San Nicolás, Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Under this contract, the Tenaris company is required to provide 250 tn/hour of steam and Siderar has the obligation to take or pay this volume. The contract is due to terminate in 2018.

 

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Tenaris S.A. Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

 

 

26 Contingencies, commitments and restrictions on the distribution of profits (Cont.)

Restrictions on the distribution of profits:

As of December 31, 2007, shareholders’ equity as defined under Luxembourg law and regulations consisted of:

(all amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars)

 

Share capital

   1,180,537

Legal reserve

   118,054

Share premium

   609,733

Retained earnings including net income for the year ended December 31, 2007

   2,399,973
    

Total shareholders equity in accordance with Luxembourg law

   4,308,297
    

At least 5% of the Company’s net income per year, as calculated in accordance with Luxembourg law and regulations, must be allocated to the creation of a legal reserve equivalent to 10% of the Company’s share capital. As of December 31, 2007, this reserve is fully allocated and additional allocations to the reserve are not required under Luxembourg law. Dividends may not be paid out of the legal reserve.

The Company may pay dividends to the extent, among other conditions, that it has distributable retained earnings calculated in accordance with Luxembourg law and regulations.

At December 31, 2007, the distributable reserve, including retained earnings and profit for the financial year, of Tenaris under Luxembourg law totals $2.4 billion, as detailed below.

(all amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars)

 

Retained earnings at December 31, 2006 under Luxembourg law

   1,527,096  

Dividends received

   1,371,625  

Other income and expenses for the year ended December 31, 2007

   8,883  

Dividends paid

   (507,631 )
      

Retained earnings at December 31, 2007 under Luxembourg law

   2,399,973  
      

 

27 Business combinations and other acquisitions

(a) Acquisition of Hydril Company

On May 7, 2007, Tenaris paid approximately $2.0 billion to acquire Hydril, a North American manufacturer of premium connections and pressure control products for the oil and gas industry. To finance the acquisition, Tenaris entered into syndicated loans in the amount of $2.0 billion, of which $0.5 billion were used to refinance an existing loan in the Company. The balance of the acquisition cost was paid out of cash on hand. Of the loan amount, $1.7 billion was allocated to the Company and the balance to Hydril.

 

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Tenaris S.A. Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

 

 

27 Business combinations and other acquisitions (Cont.)

(a) Acquisition of Hydril Company (Cont.)

The main covenants on these loan agreements are limitations on liens and encumbrances, limitations on the sale of certain assets, restrictions in investments and compliance with financial ratios (e.g., leverage ratio and interest coverage ratio in Hydril’s syndicated loan agreement, and leverage ratio and debt service coverage ratio in the Company’s syndicated loan agreement). In addition, Hydril’s syndicated loan agreement has certain restrictions in capital expenditures. The Company’s syndicated loan agreement is secured with a pledge of 100% of Hydril’s shares; upon each payment or prepayment under this agreement, the number of shares subject to the pledge shall be reduced proportionally, and the pledge will be completely released immediately after the aggregate outstanding principal amount of the loan is less than or equal to $0.6 billion. The Company is initially allowed to make payments such as dividends, repurchase or redemption of shares up to the greater of $0.5 billion or 25% of the consolidated operating profit for the previous fiscal year; once the outstanding amount of this facility does not exceed $1.0 billion, no such restrictions apply.

On November 8, 2007, the Company prepaid loans under the Company’s syndicated loan agreement in a principal amount of $0.7 billion plus accrued interest thereon to such date. As a result of such prepayment, all dividend restrictions under the syndicated loan agreement ceased to apply; in addition, the Company is entitled to reducing proportionally the number of shares pledged in connection therewith.

Tenaris began consolidating Hydril’s balance sheet and results of operations since May, 2007.

Pro forma data including acquisitions for all of 2007

Had the Hydril transaction been consummated on January 1, 2007, then Tenaris’s unaudited pro forma net sales and net income from continuing operations would have been approximately $10.1 billion and $2.0 billion, respectively. These pro forma results were prepared based on public information and unaudited accounting records maintained under U.S. GAAP prior to such acquisition and adjusted by depreciation and amortization of tangible and intangible assets and interest expense of the borrowing incurred for the acquisition as described in Note 27(a) considering the repayment stated in Note 27(c). Carrying amounts of assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities in Hydril’s books, determined in accordance with IFRS, immediately before the combination are not disclosed separately, as Hydril did not report IFRS information.

(b) Minority Interest

During the year ended December 31, 2007, additional shares of Silcotub and Dalmine were acquired from minority shareholders for approximately $3.3 million.

Effective July 12, 2007 Silcotub was delisted from the Romanian Stock Exchange.

(c) Acquisition of Maverick

On October 5, 2006, Tenaris completed the acquisition of Maverick, pursuant to which Maverick was merged with and into a wholly owned subsidiary of Tenaris. On that date, Tenaris paid $65 per share in cash for each issued and outstanding share of Maverick’s common stock. The value of the transaction at the acquisition date was $3,160 million, including Maverick’s financial debt. Tenaris began consolidating Maverick’s balance sheet and results of operations in the fourth quarter of 2006.

 

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Tenaris S.A. Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

 

 

27 Business combinations and other acquisitions (Cont.)

(c) Acquisition of Maverick (Cont.)

To finance the acquisition and the payment of related obligations, the Company and certain Tenaris entities entered into syndicated loan facilities in an aggregate of $2.7 billion; the balance was met from cash on hand. In connection with the financing of the Maverick acquisition, 75% of the issued and outstanding shares of Maverick were initially pledged. Immediately upon each payment or prepayment under the Company loan agreement, the number of shares subject to the pledge shall be reduced by the percentage by which the aggregate outstanding principal amount of the loans under such agreement is reduced by operation of such payment or prepayment until the aggregate outstanding principal amount of such loans is less than or equal to $ 250 million. In addition, Tamsa and Siderca granted drag-along rights in favor of the lenders under the Company loan agreement with respect to the remaining 25% of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of Maverick.

The Company syndicated loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of $500 million, which had been incurred in connection with the Maverick acquisition, was prepaid in its entirety in May 2007. As a result of such prepayment the pledge on Maverick’s shares was fully released and the drag-along rights in favor of the lenders were terminated. During 2007, Maverick’s syndicated loan was partially prepaid in an amount of $210 million and Tenaris’s subsidiary Algoma Tubes syndicated loan facility in an aggregate amount of $100 million was prepaid in its entirety.

(d) Tenaris Capitalization of Mandatory Convertible debt into shares of Ternium S.A. (“Ternium”)

On February 6, 2006, Ternium completed its initial public offering, issuing an additional 248,447,200 shares (equivalent to 24,844,720 ADS) at a price of $2.00 per share, or $20.00 per ADS. The Company received an additional 20,252,338 shares upon the mandatory conversion of its loans to Ternium. In addition to the shares issued to the Company, Ternium issued shares to other shareholders corresponding to their mandatory convertible loans. On February 23, 2006, the underwriters of Ternium’s IPO exercised an overallotment option under which Ternium issued an additional 37,267,080 shares (equivalent to 3,726,708 ADS). As a result of the IPO and the conversion of loans, as of February 6, 2006, Tenaris’ ownership stake in Ternium amounted to 11.46%. The effect of these transactions resulted in an additional increase of the Company’s proportional ownership in Ternium’s equity of approximately $26.7 million, which Tenaris recognized in Other Reserves in equity.

At December 31, 2007, the closing price of Ternium’s ADSs as quoted on the New York Stock Exchange was $40.11 per ADS, giving Tenaris’ ownership stake a market value of approximately $921 million. At December 31, 2007, the carrying value of Tenaris’ ownership stake in Ternium was approximately $488 million.

(e) Acquisition of a steel pipe business in Argentina

On January 31, 2006, Siat S.A., a Tenaris subsidiary organized in Argentina, acquired the welded pipe assets and facilities located in Villa Constitución, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina, belonging to Industria Argentina de Acero, S.A. (“Acindar”) for $29.3 million. The facilities acquired have an annual capacity of 80,000 tons of welded pipes.

 

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Tenaris S.A. Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

 

 

27 Business combinations and other acquisitions (Cont.)

The assets and liabilities arising from the acquisitions are as a follows:

 

     Year ended December 31,  
     2007 (*)     2006 (*)  

Other assets and liabilities (net)

   (348,876 )   (692,956 )

Property, plant and equipment

   152,540     460,937  

Customer relationships

   593,800     1,493,800  

Trade names

   149,100     —    

Proprietary technology

   333,400     —    

Goodwill

   1,042,015     1,114,287  
            

Net assets acquired

   1,921,979     2,376,068  

Minority interest

   5,283     11,181  
            

Sub-total

   1,927,262     2,387,249  

Cash-acquired

   117,326     70,660  
            

Purchase consideration

   2,044,588     2,457,909  

Liabilities paid as part of purchase agreement

   —       743,219  
            

Total disbursement

   2,044,588     3,201,128  
            

 

(*) Includes costs directly attributable to the acquisition.

During 2007, businesses acquired in that year contributed revenues of $430.8 million and net income of $44.5 million to Tenaris. During 2006, businesses acquired in that year contributed revenues of $432.0 million and net income of $14.5 million to Tenaris during that period. Net income does not include financial costs related to the operations recorded in other subsidiaries different from Hydril and Maverick.

 

28 Cash flow disclosures

 

      Year ended December 31,  
     2007     2006     2005  

(i)     Changes in working capital

      

Inventories

   (252,810 )   (455,567 )   (101,143 )

Receivables and prepayments

   2,080     (181,878 )   1,513  

Trade receivables

   (115,838 )   (226,678 )   (387,240 )

Other liabilities

   127,434     7,605     34,526  

Customer advances

   113,548     236,446     (14,156 )

Trade payables

   15,161     150,555     32,561  
                  
   (110,425 )   (469,517 )   (433,939 )
                  

(ii)    Income tax accruals less payments

      

Tax accrued

   833,378     873,967     568,753  

Taxes paid

   (1,226,433 )   (817,131 )   (419,266 )
                  
   (393,055 )   56,836     149,487  
                  

(iii)  Interest accruals less payments, net

      

Interest accrued

   183,995     32,237     29,236  

Interest received

   62,697     11,150     17,227  

Interest paid

   (267,994 )   (21,478 )   (44,544 )
                  
   (21,302 )   21,909     1,919  
                  

(iv)   Cash and cash equivalents

      

Cash and bank deposits

   962,497     1,372,329     707,356  

Bank overdrafts

   (8,194 )   (7,300 )   (24,717 )

Restricted bank deposits

   —       (21 )   (2,048 )
                  
   954,303     1,365,008     680,591  
                  

 

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Tenaris S.A. Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

 

 

29 Current and non current assets held for sale and discontinued operations

Subsequent event: Sale of the pressure control business

On January 28, 2008, Tenaris entered into an agreement with General Electric Company (GE) pursuant to which it will sell to GE the pressure control business acquired as part of the Hydril transaction for an amount equivalent on a debt-free basis to $1,115 million. The agreement is subject to governmental and regulatory approvals and other customary conditions and is expected to close during the second quarter of 2008.

Sale of Dalmine Energie

On December 1, 2006, Tenaris completed the sale of a 75% participation of Dalmine Energie, its Italian supply business, to E.ON Sales and Trading GmbH, a wholly owned subsidiary of E.ON Energie AG (“E.ON”) and an indirect subsidiary of E.ON AG for a purchase price of $58.9 million.

On November 5, 2007, Tenaris completed the sale of its remaining 25% interest in Dalmine Energie to E.ON Sales and Trading GmbH, an indirect subsidiary of E.ON AG (E.ON), for a purchase price of approximately $28 million.

Analysis of the result of discontinued operations:

 

     Year ended December 31,  
     2007     2006     2005  

Net sales

   238,220     503,051     526,406  

Cost of sales

   (157,356 )   (486,312 )   (513,393 )
                  

Gross profit

   80,864     16,739     13,013  

Selling, general and administrative expenses

   (36,441 )   (8,025 )   (10,259 )

Other operating income

   135     2,469     —    

Other operating expenses

   (566 )   —       (220 )
                  

Operating income

   43,992     11,183     2,534  

Interest income

   66     603     453  

Interest expense

   (115 )   (1,062 )   (875 )

Other financial results

   3     475     (730 )
                  

Income before equity in earnings of associated companies and income tax

   43,946     11,199     1,382  

Gain on disposal of subsidiary

   —       39,985     —    
                  

Income before income tax

   43,946     51,184     1,382  

Income tax

   (9,454 )   (4,004 )   (1,385 )
                  

Income for discontinued operations

   34,492     47,180     (3 )
                  

For 2007, cash flow from operating activities (net income plus depreciation and changes in working capital and other) amounted to $42.1 million. Cash flows used in investing and financing activities amounted to $8.6 and $22.0 million, respectively. These amounts were estimated only for disclosure purposes, as cash flows from these discontinued operations were not managed separately from other cash flows.

Cash of discontinued operations increased $2.3 million and decreased by $1.0 million in 2006 and 2005 respectively mainly from operating activities.

Current and non current assets and liabilities held for sale

 

     Year ended
December 31, 2007

Property, plant and equipment, net

   63,629

Intangible assets, net

   302,029

Inventories

   158,828

Trade receivables

   79,220

Other assets

   47,454
    

Total current and non current assets held for sale

   651,160
    

Deferred tax liabilities

   75,913

Customer advances

   115,483

Trade payables

   54,522

Other liabilities

   21,124
    

Liabilities associated with current and non-current assets held for sale

   267,042
    

 

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Tenaris S.A. Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

 

 

30 Related party transactions

Pursuant to recent Luxembourg legislation implementing the EU Transparency Directive, San Faustín N.V. has notified the Company that it owns 713,605,187 shares in the Company, representing 60.4% of the Company’s capital and voting rights. San Faustín N.V. owns all of its shares in the Company through its wholly-owned subsidiary I.I.I. Industrial Investments Inc.. Rocca & Partners S.A. controls a significant portion of the voting power of San Faustín N.V. and has the ability to influence matters affecting, or submitted to a vote of the shareholders of, San Faustín N.V., such as the election of directors, the approval of certain corporate transactions and other matters concerning the company’s policies. There are no controlling shareholders for Rocca & Partners. Tenaris’ directors and executive officers as a group own 0.2% of the Company’s outstanding shares, while the remaining 39.4% are publicly traded.

The following transactions were carried out with related parties:

 

At December 31, 2007

        
     Associated (1)    Other    Total

(i)     Transactions

        

(a) Sales of goods and services

        

Sales of goods

   98,141    39,307    137,448

Sales of services

   18,712    5,110    23,822
              
   116,853    44,417    161,270
              

(b)    Purchases of goods and services

        

Purchases of goods

   254,063    27,277    281,340

Purchases of services

   94,152    70,205    164,357
              
   348,215    97,482    445,697
              

At December 31, 2006

        
     Associated (2)    Other    Total

(i)     Transactions

        

(a) Sales of goods and services

        

Sales of goods

   120,890    56,524    177,414

Sales of services

   18,852    3,664    22,516
              
   139,742    60,188    199,930
              

(b)    Purchases of goods and services

        

Purchases of goods

   103,003    33,930    136,933

Purchases of services

   17,168    80,485    97,653
              
   120,171    114,415    234,586
              

At December 31, 2005

        
     Associated (3)    Other    Total

(i)     Transactions

        

(a) Sales of goods and services

        

Sales of goods

   104,054    75,948    180,002

Sales of services

   7,499    7,830    15,329
              
   111,553    83,778    195,331
              

(b) Purchases of goods and services

        

Purchases of goods

   67,814    33,949    101,763

Purchases of services

   15,773    63,220    78,993
              
   83,587    97,169    180,756
              

 

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Table of Contents

Tenaris S.A. Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

 

 

30 Related party transactions (Cont.)

 

At December 31, 2007

      
     Associated (4)     Other     Total  

(ii)    Year-end balances

      

(a) Arising from sales / purchases of goods / services

      

Receivables from related parties

   45,773     8,015     53,788  

Payables to related parties

   (61,597 )   (7,379 )   (68,976 )
                  
   (15,824 )   636     (15,188 )
                  

(b) Financial debt

      

Borrowings (7)

   (27,482 )   —       (27,482 )
                  
      

At December 31, 2006

      
     Associated (5)     Other     Total  

(ii)    Year-end balances

      

(a) Arising from sales / purchases of goods / services

      

Receivables from related parties

   25,400     14,429     39,829  

Payables to related parties

   (37,920 )   (13,388 )   (51,308 )
                  
   (12,520 )   1,041     (11,479 )
                  

(b) Other balances

      

Receivables

   2,079     —       2,079  
                  

(c) Financial debt

      

Borrowings (8)

   (60,101 )   —       (60,101 )
                  

At December 31, 2005

      
     Associated (6)     Other     Total  

(ii)    Year-end balances

      

(a) Arising from sales / purchases of goods / services

      

Receivables from related parties

   30,988     15,228     46,216  

Payables to related parties

   (21,034 )   (8,413 )   (29,447 )
                  
   9,954     6,815     16,769  
                  

(b) Other balances

   42,437     —       42,437  
                  

(c) Financial debt

      

Borrowings (9)

   (54,801 )   —       (54,801 )
                  

 

(1) Includes Ternium S.A. and its subsidiaries (“Ternium”), Condusid C.A. (“Condusid”), Finma S.A.I.F (“Finma”), Lomond Holdings B.V. group (“Lomond”), Dalmine Energie S.p.A. (“Dalmine Energie”) (until October 2007), Socotherm Brasil S.A. (“Socotherm”), Hydril Jindal International Private Ltd. and TMK – Hydril JV.

 

(2) Includes Ternium, Condusid, Finma (as from September 2006), Lomond (as from October 2006) and Dalmine Energie (as from December 2006).

 

(3) Includes Condusid, Ylopa, Amazonia and Sidor C.A. (“Sidor”) up to September 2005. As from October 2005 it includes Ternium and Condusid.

 

(4) Includes Ternium, Condusid, Finma, Lomond, Socotherm, Hydril Jindal International Private Ltd. and TMK – Hydril JV.

 

(5) Includes Ternium, Condusid, Finma, Lomond and Dalmine Energie.

 

(6) Includes Ternium and Condusid.

 

(7) Includes convertible loan from Sidor to Materiales Siderurgicos S.A. (“Matesi”) of $26.4 million at December 31, 2007.

 

(8) Includes convertible loan from Sidor to Matesi of $58.4 million at December 31, 2006.

 

(9) Includes convertible loan from Sidor to Matesi at December 31, 2005.

 

(i) Officers and directors’ compensation

The aggregate compensation of the directors and executive officers earned during 2007, 2006 and 2005 amounts to $19.0 million, $16.8 million and $14.3 million respectively.

 

F-54


Table of Contents

Tenaris S.A. Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

 

 

31 Principal subsidiaries

The following is a list of Tenaris principal subsidiaries and its direct and indirect percentage of ownership of each controlled company at December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005.

 

Company

   Country of
Organization
  

Main activity

   Percentage of
ownership at
December 31, (*)
 
         2007     2006     2005  

ALGOMA TUBES INC.

   Canada    Manufacturing of seamless steel pipes    100 %   100 %   100 %

CONFAB INDUSTRIAL S.A. and

subsidiaries (a)

   Brazil    Manufacturing of welded steel pipes and capital goods    39 %   39 %   39 %

DALMINE S.p.A.

   Italy    Manufacturing of seamless steel pipes    99 %   99 %   99 %

HYDRIL CANADIAN COMPANY

LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

   Canada    Manufacturing of steel products    100 %   0 %   0 %

HYDRIL COMPANY and subsidiaries

(except detailed) (b)

   USA    Manufacturing of steel products    100 %   0 %   0 %

HYDRIL LLC

   USA    Manufacturing of pressure control products    100 %   0 %   0 %

HYDRIL S.A. DE C.V.

   Mexico    Manufacturing of steel products    100 %   0 %   0 %

HYDRIL U.K. LTD.

   United
Kingdom
   Manufacturing of steel products    100 %   0 %   0 %

INVERSIONES BERNA S.A.

   Chile    Financial Company    100 %   100 %   100 %

MATESI. MATERIALES SIDERURGICOS

S.A.

   Venezuela    Production of hot briquetted iron (HBI)    50 %   50 %   50 %

MAVERICK TUBE CORPORATION and

subsidiaries (except detailed)

   USA    Manufacturing of welded steel pipes    100 %   100 %   0 %

MAVERICK TUBE. LLC

   USA    Manufacturing of welded steel pipes    100 %   0 %   0 %

MAVERICK TUBE. LP (c)

   USA    Manufacturing of welded steel pipes    0 %   100 %   0 %

NKKTUBES K.K.

   Japan    Manufacturing of seamless steel pipes    51 %   51 %   51 %

PRECISION TUBE HOLDING LLC (f)

   USA    Holding company    0 %   100 %   0 %

PRECISION TUBE TECHNOLOGY LP (f)

   USA    Manufacturing of welded steel pipes    0 %   100 %   0 %

PRUDENTIAL STEEL LTD

   Canada    Manufacturing of welded steel pipes    100 %   100 %   0 %

REPUBLIC CONDUIT MANUFACTURING

   USA    Manufacturing of welded steel pipes    100 %   100 %   0 %

S.C. DONASID S.A.

   Romania    Manufacturing of steel products    99 %   99 %   99 %

S.C. SILCOTUB S.A.

   Romania    Manufacturing of seamless steel pipes    100 %   97 %   85 %

SIAT S.A.

   Argentina    Manufacturing of welded steel pipes    82 %   82 %   82 %

SIDERCA S.A.I.C. and subsidiaries (except

detailed) (d)

   Argentina    Manufacturing of seamless steel pipes    100 %   100 %   100 %

SIDTAM LTD.

   British
Virgin
Islands
   Holding Company    100 %   100 %   100 %

SOCOMINTER S.A.

   Venezuela    Marketing of steel products    100 %   100 %   100 %

TALTA - TRADING E MARKETING

SOCIEDADE UNIPESSOAL LDA. (except detailed) (e)

   Madeira    Holding Company    100 %   100 %   100 %

TAVSA - TUBOS DE ACERO DE

VENEZUELA SA

   Venezuela    Manufacturing of seamless steel pipes    70 %   70 %   70 %

TENARIS COILED TUBES. LLC

   USA    Manufacturing of welded steel pipes    100 %   0 %   0 %

TENARIS CONNECTION AG LTD. and

subsidiaries (except detailed)

   Liechtenstein    Ownership and licensing of steel technology    100 %   100 %   100 %

TENARIS FINANCIAL SERVICES S.A.

   Uruguay    Financial Company    100 %   100 %   100 %

 

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Table of Contents

Tenaris S.A. Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

 

 

31 Principal subsidiaries (Cont.)

 

Company

   Country of
Organization
  

Main activity

   Percentage of
ownership at
December 31, (*)
 
         2007     2006     2005  

TENARIS GLOBAL SERVICES

(CANADA) INC.

   Canada    Marketing of steel products    100 %   100 %   100 %

TENARIS GLOBAL SERVICES (U.S.A.)

CORPORATION

   USA    Marketing of steel products    100 %   100 %   100 %

TENARIS GLOBAL SERVICES S.A. and

subsidiaries (except detailed) (g)

   Uruguay   

Holding company and marketing of

steel products

   100 %   100 %   100 %

TENARIS HICKMAN. L.P.

   USA    Manufacturing of welded steel pipes    100 %   100 %   0 %

TENARIS INVESTMENTS LTD and

subsidiaries (except detailed)

   Ireland    Holding company    100 %   100 %   100 %

TUBOS DE ACERO DE MEXICO SA

   Mexico    Manufacturing of seamless steel pipes    100 %   100 %   100 %

TUBOS DEL CARIBE LTDA.

   Colombia    Manufacturing of welded steel pipes    100 %   100 %   0 %

 

(*) All percentages rounded.

 

(a) Tenaris holds 99% of the voting shares of Confab Industrial S.A. Tenaris holds 39% of Confab’s subsidiaries except for Tenaris Confab Hastes de Bombeio S.A.where it holds 70%.

 

(b) Tenaris holds 100% of Hydril’s subsidiaries except for Technical Drilling & Production Services Nigeria Ltd. and Hydril Pressure Control Private Limited where it holds 60% and 49% respectively.

 

(c) Merged during 2007 into Maverick Tube, LLC.

 

(d) Tenaris holds 100% of Siderca’s subsidiaries, except for Scrapservice S.A. and Information Systems and Technologies N.V. where it holds (in both cases) 75%.

 

(e) Tenaris holds 100% of Talta – Trading e Marketing Sociedade Unipessoal and subsidiaries except for Energy Network, where it holds 95%.

 

(f) Merged during 2007 into Tenaris Coiled Tubes, LLC.

 

(g) Tenaris holds 100% of Tenaris Global Services S.A. and subsidiaries, except for Tenaris Supply Chain S.A. where it holds 98%.

 

Ricardo Soler
Chief Financial Officer

 

F-56


Table of Contents

SIGNATURES

The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.

 

June 27, 2008   TENARIS S.A.
  By  

/s/ Ricardo Soler

  Name:   Ricardo Soler
  Title:   Chief Financial Officer


Table of Contents

EXHIBIT INDEX

 

Exhibit
Number

 

Description

1.1   Updated and Consolidated Articles of Association of Tenaris S.A., dated as of June 6, 2007*
2.1   Amended and Restated Deposit Agreement entered into between Tenaris S.A. and The Bank of New York Mellon**
7.1   Statement Explaining Calculation of Ratios
8.1   List of Subsidiaries of Tenaris S.A.
12.1   Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
12.2   Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
13.1   Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
13.2   Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

 

* The updated and consolidated articles of association are incorporated by reference to the annual report on Form 20-F filed by Tenaris S.A. on June 29, 2007 (File No. 001-31518).
** The Deposit Agreement is incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement on Form F-6 filed by Tenaris S.A. on February 28, 2008 (File No. 333-149435).
Statement Explaining Calculation of Ratios

Exhibit 7.1

Tenaris – Total liabilities to Total assets ratio

 

Thousands of U.S. Dollars

   31-Dec-07    31-Dec-06    31-Dec-05

Total liabilities

   7,714,737    6,893,612    2,930,155

Total assets

   15,244,587    12,595,242    6,706,028
              

Ratio

   0.51    0.55    0.44
              

Tenaris – Current debt to Total debt ratio

 

Thousands of U.S. Dollars

   31-Dec-07    31-Dec-06

Current debt

   1,150,779    794,197

Total debt

   4,020,245    3,651,243
         

Ratio

   0.29    0.22
         
List of Subsidiaries of Tenaris S.A.

Exhibit 8.1

Tenaris – List of subsidiaries of Tenaris S.A.

Major operating subsidiaries

We conduct all our operations through subsidiaries. The following table shows the major operating subsidiaries of the Company and its direct and indirect ownership of each as of December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005.

 

Company

   Country of
Organization
  

Main Activity

   Percentage
Ownership
               2007   2006   2005
Algoma Tubes Inc.    Canada    Manufacture of seamless steel pipes    100%   100%   100%
Confab Industrial S.A. (a)    Brazil    Manufacture of welded steel pipes and capital goods    39%   39%   39%
Dalmine S.p.A    Italy    Manufacture of seamless steel pipes    99%   99%   99%
Hydril Company    U.S.A.    Manufacture and marketing of premium connections    100%   —     —  
Maverick Tube Corporation    U.S.A.    Manufacture of welded steel pipes    100%   100%   —  
NKKTubes K.K.    Japan    Manufacture of seamless steel pipes    51%   51%   51%
Prudential Steel Ltd.    Canada    Manufacture of welded steel pipes    100%   100%   —  
S.C. Silcotub S.A.    Romania    Manufacture of seamless steel pipes    100%   97%   85%
Siat S.A.    Argentina    Manufacture of welded steel pipes    82%   82%   82%
Siderca S.A.I.C.    Argentina    Manufacture of seamless steel pipes    100%   100%   100%
Tavsa, Tubos de Acero de Venezuela S.A.    Venezuela    Manufacture of seamless steel pipes    70%   70%   70%
Tenaris Coiled Tubes LLC (and predecessors)    U.S.A.    Manufacture of coiled tubing    100%   100%   —  
Tenaris Financial Services S.A.    Uruguay    Financial services    100%   100%   100%
Tenaris Global Services S.A.    Uruguay    Holding company and marketing of steel pipes    100%   100%   100%
Tenaris Investments Ltd.    Ireland    Holding company and financial services    100%   100%   100%
Tubos de Acero de México S.A    Mexico    Manufacture of seamless steel pipes    100%   100%   100%
Tubos del Caribe Ltda.    Colombia    Manufacture of welded steel pipes    100%   100%   —  

 

(a) Tenaris holds 99% of the voting shares of Confab Industrial S.A.
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302

Exhibit 12.1

CERTIFICATE

I, PAOLO ROCCA, CERTIFY THAT:

 

1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Tenaris S.A.;

 

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

 

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

 

4. The company’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) for the company and have:

 

  (a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 

  (b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

 

  (c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

 

  (d) Disclosed in this report any change in the company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company’s internal control over financial reporting; and

 

5. The company’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the company’s auditors and the audit committee of company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

 

  (a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

 

  (b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: June 27, 2008

 

/s/ Paolo Rocca

Name:   Paolo Rocca
Title:   Chief Executive Officer
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302

Exhibit 12.2

CERTIFICATE

I, RICARDO SOLER, CERTIFY THAT:

 

1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Tenaris S.A.;

 

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

 

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

 

4. The company’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) for the company and have:

 

  (a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 

  (b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

 

  (c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

 

  (d) Disclosed in this report any change in the company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company’s internal control over financial reporting; and

 

5. The company’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the company’s auditors and the audit committee of company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

 

  (a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

 

  (b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: June 27, 2008

 

/s/ Ricardo Soler

Name:   Ricardo Soler
Title:   Chief Financial Officer
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906

Exhibit 13.1

CERTIFICATION

PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

(SUBSECTIONS (A) AND (B) OF SECTION 1350, CHAPTER 63 OF TITLE 18,

UNITED STATES CODE)

Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Subsections (a) and (b) of Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title 18, United States Code), the undersigned officer of Tenaris S.A. (the “Company”), hereby certifies, to such officer’s knowledge, that the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2007 (the “Report”), fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

 

Date:  

June 27, 2008

   

/s/ Paolo Rocca

      Name:   Paolo Rocca
      Title:   Chief Executive Officer

The foregoing certification is being furnished solely pursuant to section 906

of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (subsections (a) and (b) of section 1350, chapter 63 of

title 18, United States Code) and is not being filed as part of the Report or

as a separate disclosure document.

Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906

Exhibit 13.2

CERTIFICATION

PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

(SUBSECTIONS (A) AND (B) OF SECTION 1350, CHAPTER 63 OF TITLE 18,

UNITED STATES CODE)

Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Subsections (a) and (b) of Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title 18, United States Code), the undersigned officer of Tenaris S.A. (the “Company”), hereby certifies, to such officer’s knowledge, that the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2007 (the “Report”), fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

 

Date:  

June 27, 2008

   

/s/ Ricardo Soler

      Name:   Ricardo Soler
      Title:   Chief Financial Officer

The foregoing certification is being furnished solely pursuant to section 906

of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (subsections (a) and (b) of section 1350, chapter 63 of

title 18, United States Code) and is not being filed as part of the Report or

as a separate disclosure document.